diff --git a/public-legacy/auth/register.php b/public-legacy/auth/register.php
index 7a921b8..3e57bd6 100644
--- a/public-legacy/auth/register.php
+++ b/public-legacy/auth/register.php
@@ -104,7 +104,10 @@ while(!$restricted && !empty($register)) {
 
     $users->addRoles($userInfo, $defaultRoleInfo);
     $config->setString('users.newest', $userInfo->getId());
-    $msz->getPerms()->precalculatePermissions($msz->getForum(), [$userInfo->getId()]);
+    $msz->getPerms()->precalculatePermissions(
+        $msz->getForumContext()->getCategories(),
+        [$userInfo->getId()]
+    );
 
     url_redirect('auth-login-welcome', ['username' => $userInfo->getName()]);
     return;
diff --git a/public-legacy/forum/forum.php b/public-legacy/forum/forum.php
index 834cf7d..fed93f8 100644
--- a/public-legacy/forum/forum.php
+++ b/public-legacy/forum/forum.php
@@ -4,13 +4,16 @@ namespace Misuzu;
 use stdClass;
 use RuntimeException;
 
-$forum = $msz->getForum();
+$forumCtx = $msz->getForumContext();
+$forumCategories = $forumCtx->getCategories();
+$forumTopics = $forumCtx->getTopics();
+$forumPosts = $forumCtx->getPosts();
 $usersCtx = $msz->getUsersContext();
 
 $categoryId = (int)filter_input(INPUT_GET, 'f', FILTER_SANITIZE_NUMBER_INT);
 
 try {
-    $categoryInfo = $forum->getCategory(categoryId: $categoryId);
+    $categoryInfo = $forumCategories->getCategory(categoryId: $categoryId);
 } catch(RuntimeException $ex) {
     Template::throwError(404);
 }
@@ -29,7 +32,7 @@ if($usersCtx->hasActiveBan($currentUser))
 
 if($categoryInfo->isLink()) {
     if($categoryInfo->hasLinkTarget()) {
-        $forum->incrementCategoryClicks($categoryInfo);
+        $forumCategories->incrementCategoryClicks($categoryInfo);
         redirect($categoryInfo->getLinkTarget());
         return;
     }
@@ -37,7 +40,7 @@ if($categoryInfo->isLink()) {
     Template::throwError(404);
 }
 
-$forumPagination = new Pagination($forum->countTopics(
+$forumPagination = new Pagination($forumTopics->countTopics(
     categoryInfo: $categoryInfo,
     global: true,
     deleted: $perms->check(Perm::F_POST_DELETE_ANY) ? null : false
@@ -50,7 +53,7 @@ $children = [];
 $topics = [];
 
 if($categoryInfo->mayHaveChildren()) {
-    $children = $forum->getCategoryChildren($categoryInfo, hidden: false, asTree: true);
+    $children = $forumCategories->getCategoryChildren($categoryInfo, hidden: false, asTree: true);
 
     foreach($children as $childId => $child) {
         $childPerms = $authInfo->getPerms('forum', $child->info);
@@ -79,7 +82,7 @@ if($categoryInfo->mayHaveChildren()) {
                             $catIds[] = $greatGrandChildId;
                     }
 
-                    $grandChildUnread = $forum->checkCategoryUnread($catIds, $currentUser);
+                    $grandChildUnread = $forumCategories->checkCategoryUnread($catIds, $currentUser);
                     if($grandChildUnread)
                         $childUnread = true;
                 }
@@ -98,7 +101,7 @@ if($categoryInfo->mayHaveChildren()) {
             }
 
             try {
-                $lastPostInfo = $forum->getPost(categoryInfos: $catIds, getLast: true, deleted: false);
+                $lastPostInfo = $forumPosts->getPost(categoryInfos: $catIds, getLast: true, deleted: false);
             } catch(RuntimeException $ex) {
                 $lastPostInfo = null;
             }
@@ -106,7 +109,7 @@ if($categoryInfo->mayHaveChildren()) {
             if($lastPostInfo !== null) {
                 $child->lastPost = new stdClass;
                 $child->lastPost->info = $lastPostInfo;
-                $child->lastPost->topicInfo = $forum->getTopic(postInfo: $lastPostInfo);
+                $child->lastPost->topicInfo = $forumTopics->getTopic(postInfo: $lastPostInfo);
 
                 if($lastPostInfo->hasUserId()) {
                     $child->lastPost->user = $usersCtx->getUserInfo($lastPostInfo->getUserId());
@@ -116,7 +119,7 @@ if($categoryInfo->mayHaveChildren()) {
         }
 
         if($child->info->mayHaveTopics() && !$childUnread)
-            $childUnread = $forum->checkCategoryUnread($child->info, $currentUser);
+            $childUnread = $forumCategories->checkCategoryUnread($child->info, $currentUser);
 
         $child->perms = $childPerms;
         $child->unread = $childUnread;
@@ -124,7 +127,7 @@ if($categoryInfo->mayHaveChildren()) {
 }
 
 if($categoryInfo->mayHaveTopics()) {
-    $topicInfos = $forum->getTopics(
+    $topicInfos = $forumTopics->getTopics(
         categoryInfo: $categoryInfo,
         global: true,
         deleted: $perms->check(Perm::F_POST_DELETE_ANY) ? null : false,
@@ -134,8 +137,8 @@ if($categoryInfo->mayHaveTopics()) {
     foreach($topicInfos as $topicInfo) {
         $topics[] = $topic = new stdClass;
         $topic->info = $topicInfo;
-        $topic->unread = $forum->checkTopicUnread($topicInfo, $currentUser);
-        $topic->participated = $forum->checkTopicParticipated($topicInfo, $currentUser);
+        $topic->unread = $forumTopics->checkTopicUnread($topicInfo, $currentUser);
+        $topic->participated = $forumTopics->checkTopicParticipated($topicInfo, $currentUser);
         $topic->lastPost = new stdClass;
 
         if($topicInfo->hasUserId()) {
@@ -144,7 +147,7 @@ if($categoryInfo->mayHaveTopics()) {
         }
 
         try {
-            $topic->lastPost->info = $lastPostInfo = $forum->getPost(
+            $topic->lastPost->info = $lastPostInfo = $forumPosts->getPost(
                 topicInfo: $topicInfo,
                 getLast: true,
                 deleted: $topicInfo->isDeleted() ? null : false,
@@ -163,8 +166,8 @@ $perms = $perms->checkMany([
 ]);
 
 Template::render('forum.forum', [
-    'forum_breadcrumbs' => $forum->getCategoryAncestry($categoryInfo),
-    'global_accent_colour' => $forum->getCategoryColour($categoryInfo),
+    'forum_breadcrumbs' => $forumCategories->getCategoryAncestry($categoryInfo),
+    'global_accent_colour' => $forumCategories->getCategoryColour($categoryInfo),
     'forum_info' => $categoryInfo,
     'forum_children' => $children,
     'forum_topics' => $topics,
diff --git a/public-legacy/forum/index.php b/public-legacy/forum/index.php
index ab5531a..d12cce9 100644
--- a/public-legacy/forum/index.php
+++ b/public-legacy/forum/index.php
@@ -4,7 +4,10 @@ namespace Misuzu;
 use stdClass;
 use RuntimeException;
 
-$forum = $msz->getForum();
+$forumCtx = $msz->getForumContext();
+$forumCategories = $forumCtx->getCategories();
+$forumTopics = $forumCtx->getTopics();
+$forumPosts = $forumCtx->getPosts();
 $usersCtx = $msz->getUsersContext();
 $mode = (string)filter_input(INPUT_GET, 'm');
 
@@ -20,13 +23,13 @@ if($mode === 'mark') {
 
     if($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] === 'POST' && CSRF::validateRequest()) {
         $categoryInfos = $categoryId === null
-            ? $forum->getCategories()
-            : $forum->getCategoryChildren(parentInfo: $categoryId, includeSelf: true);
+            ? $forumCategories->getCategories()
+            : $forumCategories->getCategoryChildren(parentInfo: $categoryId, includeSelf: true);
 
         foreach($categoryInfos as $categoryInfo) {
             $perms = $authInfo->getPerms('forum', $categoryInfo);
             if($perms->check(Perm::F_CATEGORY_LIST))
-                $forum->updateUserReadCategory($userInfo, $categoryInfo);
+                $forumCategories->updateUserReadCategory($userInfo, $categoryInfo);
         }
 
         url_redirect($categoryId ? 'forum-category' : 'forum-index', ['forum' => $categoryId]);
@@ -47,7 +50,7 @@ if($mode === 'mark') {
 if($mode !== '')
     Template::throwError(404);
 
-$categories = $forum->getCategories(hidden: false, asTree: true);
+$categories = $forumCategories->getCategories(hidden: false, asTree: true);
 
 foreach($categories as $categoryId => $category) {
     $perms = $authInfo->getPerms('forum', $category->info);
@@ -87,7 +90,7 @@ foreach($categories as $categoryId => $category) {
                                     $catIds[] = $greatGrandChildId;
                             }
 
-                            $grandChildUnread = $forum->checkCategoryUnread($catIds, $currentUser);
+                            $grandChildUnread = $forumCategories->checkCategoryUnread($catIds, $currentUser);
                             if($grandChildUnread)
                                 $childUnread = true;
                         }
@@ -106,7 +109,7 @@ foreach($categories as $categoryId => $category) {
                     }
 
                     try {
-                        $lastPostInfo = $forum->getPost(categoryInfos: $catIds, getLast: true, deleted: false);
+                        $lastPostInfo = $forumPosts->getPost(categoryInfos: $catIds, getLast: true, deleted: false);
                     } catch(RuntimeException $ex) {
                         $lastPostInfo = null;
                     }
@@ -114,7 +117,7 @@ foreach($categories as $categoryId => $category) {
                     if($lastPostInfo !== null) {
                         $child->lastPost = new stdClass;
                         $child->lastPost->info = $lastPostInfo;
-                        $child->lastPost->topicInfo = $forum->getTopic(postInfo: $lastPostInfo);
+                        $child->lastPost->topicInfo = $forumTopics->getTopic(postInfo: $lastPostInfo);
 
                         if($lastPostInfo->hasUserId()) {
                             $child->lastPost->user = $usersCtx->getUserInfo($lastPostInfo->getUserId());
@@ -125,7 +128,7 @@ foreach($categories as $categoryId => $category) {
             }
 
             if($child->info->mayHaveTopics() && !$childUnread) {
-                $childUnread = $forum->checkCategoryUnread($child->info, $currentUser);
+                $childUnread = $forumCategories->checkCategoryUnread($child->info, $currentUser);
                 if($childUnread)
                     $unread = true;
             }
@@ -135,7 +138,7 @@ foreach($categories as $categoryId => $category) {
         }
 
     if($category->info->mayHaveTopics() && !$unread)
-        $unread = $forum->checkCategoryUnread($category->info, $currentUser);
+        $unread = $forumCategories->checkCategoryUnread($category->info, $currentUser);
 
     if(!$category->info->isListing()) {
         if(!array_key_exists('0', $categories)) {
@@ -159,7 +162,7 @@ foreach($categories as $categoryId => $category) {
             }
 
             try {
-                $lastPostInfo = $forum->getPost(categoryInfos: $catIds, getLast: true, deleted: false);
+                $lastPostInfo = $forumPosts->getPost(categoryInfos: $catIds, getLast: true, deleted: false);
             } catch(RuntimeException $ex) {
                 $lastPostInfo = null;
             }
@@ -167,7 +170,7 @@ foreach($categories as $categoryId => $category) {
             if($lastPostInfo !== null) {
                 $category->lastPost = new stdClass;
                 $category->lastPost->info = $lastPostInfo;
-                $category->lastPost->topicInfo = $forum->getTopic(postInfo: $lastPostInfo);
+                $category->lastPost->topicInfo = $forumTopics->getTopic(postInfo: $lastPostInfo);
 
                 if($lastPostInfo->hasUserId()) {
                     $category->lastPost->user = $usersCtx->getUserInfo($lastPostInfo->getUserId());
diff --git a/public-legacy/forum/leaderboard.php b/public-legacy/forum/leaderboard.php
index 6caa01c..d8f6e26 100644
--- a/public-legacy/forum/leaderboard.php
+++ b/public-legacy/forum/leaderboard.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use RuntimeException;
 if(!$msz->getAuthInfo()->getPerms('global')->check(Perm::G_FORUM_LEADERBOARD_VIEW))
     Template::throwError(403);
 
-$forum = $msz->getForum();
+$forumCtx = $msz->getForumContext();
 $usersCtx = $msz->getUsersContext();
 $config = $cfg->getValues([
     ['forum_leader.first_year:i', 2018],
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ for($i = $currentYear, $j = $currentMonth;;) {
         break;
 }
 
-$rankings = $forum->generatePostRankings($year, $month, $unrankedForums, $unrankedTopics);
+$rankings = $forumCtx->getPosts()->generatePostRankings($year, $month, $unrankedForums, $unrankedTopics);
 foreach($rankings as $ranking) {
     $ranking->user = $ranking->colour = null;
 
diff --git a/public-legacy/forum/post.php b/public-legacy/forum/post.php
index 55fe74f..667f37e 100644
--- a/public-legacy/forum/post.php
+++ b/public-legacy/forum/post.php
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@ namespace Misuzu;
 
 use RuntimeException;
 
-$forum = $msz->getForum();
+$forumCtx = $msz->getForumContext();
+$forumPosts = $forumCtx->getPosts();
 $usersCtx = $msz->getUsersContext();
 
 $postId = !empty($_GET['p']) && is_string($_GET['p']) ? (int)$_GET['p'] : 0;
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ if($postMode !== '' && $usersCtx->hasActiveBan($currentUser))
     Template::displayInfo('You have been banned, check your profile for more information.', 403);
 
 try {
-    $postInfo = $forum->getPost(postId: $postId);
+    $postInfo = $forumPosts->getPost(postId: $postId);
 } catch(RuntimeException $ex) {
     Template::throwError(404);
 }
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ switch($postMode) {
                 Template::displayInfo('This post has existed for too long. Ask a moderator to remove if it absolutely necessary.', 403);
         }
 
-        $originalPostInfo = $forum->getPost(topicInfo: $postInfo->getTopicId());
+        $originalPostInfo = $forumPosts->getPost(topicInfo: $postInfo->getTopicId());
         if($originalPostInfo->getId() === $postInfo->getId())
             Template::displayInfo('This is the opening post of the topic it belongs to, it may not be deleted without deleting the entire topic as well.', 403);
 
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ switch($postMode) {
             break;
         }
 
-        $forum->deletePost($postInfo);
+        $forumPosts->deletePost($postInfo);
         $msz->createAuditLog('FORUM_POST_DELETE', [$postInfo->getId()]);
 
         url_redirect('forum-topic', ['topic' => $postInfo->getTopicId()]);
@@ -108,7 +109,7 @@ switch($postMode) {
             break;
         }
 
-        $forum->nukePost($postInfo->getId());
+        $forumPosts->nukePost($postInfo->getId());
         $msz->createAuditLog('FORUM_POST_NUKE', [$postInfo->getId()]);
 
         url_redirect('forum-topic', ['topic' => $postInfo->getTopicId()]);
@@ -137,7 +138,7 @@ switch($postMode) {
             break;
         }
 
-        $forum->restorePost($postInfo->getId());
+        $forumPosts->restorePost($postInfo->getId());
         $msz->createAuditLog('FORUM_POST_RESTORE', [$postInfo->getId()]);
 
         url_redirect('forum-topic', ['topic' => $postInfo->getTopicId()]);
diff --git a/public-legacy/forum/posting.php b/public-legacy/forum/posting.php
index 71c546a..bf2a0b7 100644
--- a/public-legacy/forum/posting.php
+++ b/public-legacy/forum/posting.php
@@ -11,7 +11,10 @@ $authInfo = $msz->getAuthInfo();
 if(!$authInfo->isLoggedIn())
     Template::throwError(401);
 
-$forum = $msz->getForum();
+$forumCtx = $msz->getForumContext();
+$forumCategories = $forumCtx->getCategories();
+$forumTopics = $forumCtx->getTopics();
+$forumPosts = $forumCtx->getPosts();
 $usersCtx = $msz->getUsersContext();
 
 $currentUser = $authInfo->getUserInfo();
@@ -19,8 +22,6 @@ $currentUserId = $currentUser->getId();
 if($usersCtx->hasActiveBan($currentUser))
     Template::throwError(403);
 
-$userPostsCounts = [];
-
 $forumPostingModes = [
     'create', 'edit', 'quote', 'preview',
 ];
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ if(empty($postId)) {
     $hasPostInfo = false;
 } else {
     try {
-        $postInfo = $forum->getPost(postId: $postId);
+        $postInfo = $forumPosts->getPost(postId: $postId);
     } catch(RuntimeException $ex) {
         Template::throwError(404);
     }
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ if(empty($topicId)) {
     $hasTopicInfo = false;
 } else {
     try {
-        $topicInfo = $forum->getTopic(topicId: $topicId);
+        $topicInfo = $forumTopics->getTopic(topicId: $topicId);
     } catch(RuntimeException $ex) {
         Template::throwError(404);
     }
@@ -89,7 +90,7 @@ if(empty($topicId)) {
         Template::throwError(404);
 
     $forumId = $topicInfo->getCategoryId();
-    $originalPostInfo = $forum->getPost(topicInfo: $topicInfo);
+    $originalPostInfo = $forumPosts->getPost(topicInfo: $topicInfo);
     $hasTopicInfo = true;
 }
 
@@ -97,7 +98,7 @@ if(empty($forumId)) {
     $hasCategoryInfo = false;
 } else {
     try {
-        $categoryInfo = $forum->getCategory(categoryId: $forumId);
+        $categoryInfo = $forumCategories->getCategory(categoryId: $forumId);
     } catch(RuntimeException $ex) {
         Template::throwError(404);
     }
@@ -152,7 +153,7 @@ if(!empty($_POST)) {
             $postTimeout = $cfg->getInteger('forum.posting.timeout', 5);
             if($postTimeout > 0) {
                 $postTimeoutThreshold = DateTime::now()->modify(sprintf('-%d seconds', $postTimeout));
-                $lastPostCreatedAt = $forum->getUserLastPostCreatedAt($currentUser);
+                $lastPostCreatedAt = $forumPosts->getUserLastPostCreatedAt($currentUser);
 
                 if($lastPostCreatedAt->isMoreThan($postTimeoutThreshold)) {
                     $waitSeconds = $postTimeout + ($lastPostCreatedAt->getUnixTimeSeconds() - time());
@@ -205,7 +206,7 @@ if(!empty($_POST)) {
             switch($mode) {
                 case 'create':
                     if(empty($topicInfo)) {
-                        $topicInfo = $forum->createTopic(
+                        $topicInfo = $forumTopics->createTopic(
                             $categoryInfo,
                             $currentUser,
                             $topicTitle,
@@ -213,11 +214,11 @@ if(!empty($_POST)) {
                         );
 
                         $topicId = $topicInfo->getId();
-                        $forum->incrementCategoryTopics($categoryInfo);
+                        $forumTopics->incrementCategoryTopics($categoryInfo);
                     } else
-                        $forum->bumpTopic($topicInfo);
+                        $forumTopics->bumpTopic($topicInfo);
 
-                    $postInfo = $forum->createPost(
+                    $postInfo = $forumPosts->createPost(
                         $topicId,
                         $currentUser,
                         $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'],
@@ -228,7 +229,7 @@ if(!empty($_POST)) {
                     );
 
                     $postId = $postInfo->getId();
-                    $forum->incrementCategoryPosts($categoryInfo);
+                    $forumCategories->incrementCategoryPosts($categoryInfo);
                     break;
 
                 case 'edit':
@@ -236,7 +237,7 @@ if(!empty($_POST)) {
                         && $postInfo->shouldMarkAsEdited()
                         && $postText !== $postInfo->getBody();
 
-                    $forum->updatePost(
+                    $forumPosts->updatePost(
                         $postId,
                         remoteAddr: $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'],
                         body: $postText,
@@ -246,7 +247,7 @@ if(!empty($_POST)) {
                     );
 
                     if($isEditingTopic && ($topicTitleChanged || $topicTypeChanged))
-                        $forum->updateTopic(
+                        $forumTopics->updateTopic(
                             $topicId,
                             title: $topicTitle,
                             type: $topicType
@@ -278,11 +279,7 @@ if($mode === 'edit') { // $post is pretty much sure to be populated at this poin
     if($postInfo->hasUserId()) {
         $post->user = $usersCtx->getUserInfo($postInfo->getUserId());
         $post->colour = $usersCtx->getUserColour($post->user);
-
-        $postUserId = $postInfo->getUserId();
-        if(!array_key_exists($postUserId, $userPostsCounts))
-            $userPostsCounts[$postUserId] = $forum->countPosts(userInfo: $post->user, deleted: false);
-        $post->postsCount = $userPostsCounts[$postUserId];
+        $post->postsCount = $forumCtx->countTotalUserPosts($post->user);
     }
 
     $post->isOriginalPost = $originalPostInfo->getId() == $postInfo->getId();
@@ -293,18 +290,18 @@ if($mode === 'edit') { // $post is pretty much sure to be populated at this poin
 }
 
 try {
-    $lastPostInfo = $forum->getPost(userInfo: $currentUser, getLast: true, deleted: false);
+    $lastPostInfo = $forumPosts->getPost(userInfo: $currentUser, getLast: true, deleted: false);
     $selectedParser = $lastPostInfo->getParser();
 } catch(RuntimeException $ex) {
     $selectedParser = Parser::BBCODE;
 }
 
 Template::render('forum.posting', [
-    'posting_breadcrumbs' => $forum->getCategoryAncestry($categoryInfo),
-    'global_accent_colour' => $forum->getCategoryColour($categoryInfo),
+    'posting_breadcrumbs' => $forumCategories->getCategoryAncestry($categoryInfo),
+    'global_accent_colour' => $forumCategories->getCategoryColour($categoryInfo),
     'posting_user' => $currentUser,
     'posting_user_colour' => $usersCtx->getUserColour($currentUser),
-    'posting_user_posts_count' => $userPostsCounts[$currentUser->getId()] ?? $forum->countPosts(userInfo: $currentUser, deleted: false),
+    'posting_user_posts_count' => $forumCtx->countTotalUserPosts($currentUser),
     'posting_user_preferred_parser' => $selectedParser,
     'posting_forum' => $categoryInfo,
     'posting_notices' => $notices,
diff --git a/public-legacy/forum/topic.php b/public-legacy/forum/topic.php
index 1deedce..c214c7d 100644
--- a/public-legacy/forum/topic.php
+++ b/public-legacy/forum/topic.php
@@ -4,7 +4,11 @@ namespace Misuzu;
 use stdClass;
 use RuntimeException;
 
-$forum = $msz->getForum();
+$forumCtx = $msz->getForumContext();
+$forumCategories = $forumCtx->getCategories();
+$forumTopics = $forumCtx->getTopics();
+$forumTopicRedirects = $forumCtx->getTopicRedirects();
+$forumPosts = $forumCtx->getPosts();
 $usersCtx = $msz->getUsersContext();
 
 $postId = !empty($_GET['p']) && is_string($_GET['p']) ? (int)$_GET['p'] : 0;
@@ -19,7 +23,7 @@ $currentUserId = $currentUser === null ? '0' : $currentUser->getId();
 
 if($topicId < 1 && $postId > 0) {
     try {
-        $postInfo = $forum->getPost(postId: $postId);
+        $postInfo = $forumPosts->getPost(postId: $postId);
     } catch(RuntimeException $ex) {
         Template::throwError(404);
     }
@@ -32,7 +36,7 @@ if($topicId < 1 && $postId > 0) {
         Template::throwError(404);
 
     $topicId = $postInfo->getTopicId();
-    $preceedingPostCount = $forum->countPosts(
+    $preceedingPostCount = $forumPosts->countPosts(
         topicInfo: $topicId,
         upToPostInfo: $postInfo,
         deleted: $canDeleteAny ? null : false
@@ -41,7 +45,7 @@ if($topicId < 1 && $postId > 0) {
 
 try {
     $topicIsNuked = $topicIsDeleted = $canDeleteAny = false;
-    $topicInfo = $forum->getTopic(topicId: $topicId);
+    $topicInfo = $forumTopics->getTopic(topicId: $topicId);
 } catch(RuntimeException $ex) {
     $topicIsNuked = true;
 }
@@ -60,8 +64,8 @@ if(!$topicIsNuked) {
     $canDeleteAny = $perms->check(Perm::F_POST_DELETE_ANY);
 }
 
-if(($topicIsNuked || $topicIsDeleted) && $forum->hasTopicRedirect($topicId)) {
-    $topicRedirectInfo = $forum->getTopicRedirect($topicId);
+if(($topicIsNuked || $topicIsDeleted) && $forumTopicRedirects->hasTopicRedirect($topicId)) {
+    $topicRedirectInfo = $forumTopicRedirects->getTopicRedirect($topicId);
     Template::set('topic_redir_info', $topicRedirectInfo);
 
     if($topicIsNuked || !$canDeleteAny) {
@@ -80,7 +84,7 @@ if(!$perms->check(Perm::F_CATEGORY_VIEW))
 // this should be in the config
 $deletePostThreshold = 1;
 
-$categoryInfo = $forum->getCategory(topicInfo: $topicInfo);
+$categoryInfo = $forumCategories->getCategory(topicInfo: $topicInfo);
 $topicIsLocked = $topicInfo->isLocked();
 $topicIsArchived = $categoryInfo->isArchived();
 $topicPostsTotal = $topicInfo->getTotalPostsCount();
@@ -135,7 +139,7 @@ if(in_array($moderationMode, $validModerationModes, true)) {
                     Template::displayInfo('This topic has existed for too long. Ask a moderator to remove if it absolutely necessary.', 403);
 
                 // deleted posts are intentionally included
-                $topicPostCount = $forum->countPosts(topicInfo: $topicInfo);
+                $topicPostCount = $forumPosts->countPosts(topicInfo: $topicInfo);
                 if($topicPostCount > $deletePostThreshold)
                     Template::displayInfo('This topic already has replies, you may no longer delete it. Ask a moderator to remove if it absolutely necessary.', 403);
             }
@@ -159,7 +163,7 @@ if(in_array($moderationMode, $validModerationModes, true)) {
                 break;
             }
 
-            $forum->deleteTopic($topicInfo->getId());
+            $forumTopics->deleteTopic($topicInfo->getId());
             $msz->createAuditLog('FORUM_TOPIC_DELETE', [$topicInfo->getId()]);
 
             url_redirect('forum-category', [
@@ -189,7 +193,7 @@ if(in_array($moderationMode, $validModerationModes, true)) {
                 break;
             }
 
-            $forum->restoreTopic($topicInfo->getId());
+            $forumTopics->restoreTopic($topicInfo->getId());
             $msz->createAuditLog('FORUM_TOPIC_RESTORE', [$topicInfo->getId()]);
 
             url_redirect('forum-category', [
@@ -219,7 +223,7 @@ if(in_array($moderationMode, $validModerationModes, true)) {
                 break;
             }
 
-            $forum->nukeTopic($topicInfo->getId());
+            $forumTopics->nukeTopic($topicInfo->getId());
             $msz->createAuditLog('FORUM_TOPIC_NUKE', [$topicInfo->getId()]);
 
             url_redirect('forum-category', [
@@ -229,7 +233,7 @@ if(in_array($moderationMode, $validModerationModes, true)) {
 
         case 'bump':
             if($canBumpTopic) {
-                $forum->bumpTopic($topicInfo->getId());
+                $forumTopics->bumpTopic($topicInfo->getId());
                 $msz->createAuditLog('FORUM_TOPIC_BUMP', [$topicInfo->getId()]);
             }
 
@@ -240,7 +244,7 @@ if(in_array($moderationMode, $validModerationModes, true)) {
 
         case 'lock':
             if($canLockTopic && !$topicIsLocked) {
-                $forum->lockTopic($topicInfo->getId());
+                $forumTopics->lockTopic($topicInfo->getId());
                 $msz->createAuditLog('FORUM_TOPIC_LOCK', [$topicInfo->getId()]);
             }
 
@@ -251,7 +255,7 @@ if(in_array($moderationMode, $validModerationModes, true)) {
 
         case 'unlock':
             if($canLockTopic && $topicIsLocked) {
-                $forum->unlockTopic($topicInfo->getId());
+                $forumTopics->unlockTopic($topicInfo->getId());
                 $msz->createAuditLog('FORUM_TOPIC_UNLOCK', [$topicInfo->getId()]);
             }
 
@@ -275,7 +279,7 @@ if(isset($preceedingPostCount))
 if(!$topicPagination->hasValidOffset())
     Template::throwError(404);
 
-$postInfos = $forum->getPosts(
+$postInfos = $forumPosts->getPosts(
     topicInfo: $topicInfo,
     deleted: $perms->check(Perm::F_POST_DELETE_ANY) ? null : false,
     pagination: $topicPagination,
@@ -284,9 +288,8 @@ $postInfos = $forum->getPosts(
 if(empty($postInfos))
     Template::throwError(404);
 
-$originalPostInfo = $forum->getPost(topicInfo: $topicInfo);
+$originalPostInfo = $forumPosts->getPost(topicInfo: $topicInfo);
 
-$userPostsCounts = [];
 $posts = [];
 
 foreach($postInfos as $postInfo) {
@@ -296,11 +299,7 @@ foreach($postInfos as $postInfo) {
     if($postInfo->hasUserId()) {
         $post->user = $usersCtx->getUserInfo($postInfo->getUserId());
         $post->colour = $usersCtx->getUserColour($post->user);
-
-        $postUserId = $postInfo->getUserId();
-        if(!array_key_exists($postUserId, $userPostsCounts))
-            $userPostsCounts[$postUserId] = $forum->countPosts(userInfo: $post->user, deleted: false);
-        $post->postsCount = $userPostsCounts[$postUserId];
+        $post->postsCount = $forumCtx->countTotalUserPosts($post->user);
     }
 
     $post->isOriginalPost = $originalPostInfo->getId() == $postInfo->getId();
@@ -310,10 +309,10 @@ foreach($postInfos as $postInfo) {
 
 $canReply = !$topicIsArchived && !$topicIsLocked && !$topicIsDeleted && $perms->check(Perm::F_POST_CREATE);
 
-if(!$forum->checkUserHasReadTopic($currentUser, $topicInfo))
-    $forum->incrementTopicViews($topicInfo);
+if(!$forumTopics->checkUserHasReadTopic($currentUser, $topicInfo))
+    $forumTopics->incrementTopicViews($topicInfo);
 
-$forum->updateUserReadTopic($currentUser, $topicInfo);
+$forumTopics->updateUserReadTopic($currentUser, $topicInfo);
 
 $perms = $perms->checkMany([
     'can_create_post' => Perm::F_POST_CREATE,
@@ -324,8 +323,8 @@ $perms = $perms->checkMany([
 ]);
 
 Template::render('forum.topic', [
-    'topic_breadcrumbs' => $forum->getCategoryAncestry($topicInfo),
-    'global_accent_colour' => $forum->getCategoryColour($topicInfo),
+    'topic_breadcrumbs' => $forumCategories->getCategoryAncestry($topicInfo),
+    'global_accent_colour' => $forumCategories->getCategoryColour($topicInfo),
     'topic_info' => $topicInfo,
     'category_info' => $categoryInfo,
     'topic_posts' => $posts,
diff --git a/public-legacy/manage/forum/redirs.php b/public-legacy/manage/forum/redirs.php
index 8db1f28..9993c9f 100644
--- a/public-legacy/manage/forum/redirs.php
+++ b/public-legacy/manage/forum/redirs.php
@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ $authInfo = $msz->getAuthInfo();
 if(!$authInfo->getPerms('global')->check(Perm::G_FORUM_TOPIC_REDIRS_MANAGE))
     Template::throwError(403);
 
-$forum = $msz->getForum();
+$forumCtx = $msz->getForumContext();
+$forumTopicRedirects = $forumCtx->getTopicRedirects();
 
 if($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] === 'POST') {
     if(!CSRF::validateRequest())
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ if($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] === 'POST') {
     $rTopicURL = trim((string)filter_input(INPUT_POST, 'topic_redir_url'));
 
     $msz->createAuditLog('FORUM_TOPIC_REDIR_CREATE', [$rTopicId]);
-    $forum->createTopicRedirect($rTopicId, $authInfo->getUserInfo(), $rTopicURL);
+    $forumTopicRedirects->createTopicRedirect($rTopicId, $authInfo->getUserInfo(), $rTopicURL);
     url_redirect('manage-forum-topic-redirs');
     return;
 }
@@ -26,16 +27,16 @@ if(filter_input(INPUT_GET, 'm') === 'explode') {
 
     $rTopicId = (string)filter_input(INPUT_GET, 't');
     $msz->createAuditLog('FORUM_TOPIC_REDIR_REMOVE', [$rTopicId]);
-    $forum->deleteTopicRedirect($rTopicId);
+    $forumTopicRedirects->deleteTopicRedirect($rTopicId);
     url_redirect('manage-forum-topic-redirs');
     return;
 }
 
-$pagination = new Pagination($forum->countTopicRedirects(), 20);
+$pagination = new Pagination($forumTopicRedirects->countTopicRedirects(), 20);
 if(!$pagination->hasValidOffset())
     Template::throwError(404);
 
-$redirs = $forum->getTopicRedirects(pagination: $pagination);
+$redirs = $forumTopicRedirects->getTopicRedirects(pagination: $pagination);
 
 Template::render('manage.forum.redirs', [
     'manage_redirs' => $redirs,
diff --git a/public-legacy/manage/users/user.php b/public-legacy/manage/users/user.php
index 7f52bba..cad3847 100644
--- a/public-legacy/manage/users/user.php
+++ b/public-legacy/manage/users/user.php
@@ -216,7 +216,10 @@ if(CSRF::validateRequest() && $canEdit) {
     }
 
     if($permsNeedRecalc)
-        $perms->precalculatePermissions($msz->getForum(), [$userInfo->getId()]);
+        $perms->precalculatePermissions(
+            $msz->getForumContext()->getCategories(),
+            [$userInfo->getId()]
+        );
 
     url_redirect('manage-user', ['user' => $userInfo->getId()]);
     return;
diff --git a/public-legacy/members.php b/public-legacy/members.php
index 9dc17ec..b01117a 100644
--- a/public-legacy/members.php
+++ b/public-legacy/members.php
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ if(!$authInfo->isLoggedIn())
 
 // TODO: restore forum-topics and forum-posts orderings
 
-$forum = $msz->getForum();
+$forumCtx = $msz->getForumContext();
 $usersCtx = $msz->getUsersContext();
 $users = $usersCtx->getUsers();
 $roles = $usersCtx->getRoles();
@@ -94,8 +94,8 @@ foreach($userInfos as $userInfo)
     $userList[] = [
         'info' => $userInfo,
         'colour' => $usersCtx->getUserColour($userInfo),
-        'ftopics' => $forum->countTopics(userInfo: $userInfo, deleted: false),
-        'fposts' => $forum->countPosts(userInfo: $userInfo, deleted: false),
+        'ftopics' => $forumCtx->countTotalUserTopics($userInfo),
+        'fposts' => $forumCtx->countTotalUserPosts($userInfo),
     ];
 
 if(empty($userList))
diff --git a/public-legacy/profile.php b/public-legacy/profile.php
index 4969765..bf81317 100644
--- a/public-legacy/profile.php
+++ b/public-legacy/profile.php
@@ -17,7 +17,10 @@ $isEditing = !empty($_GET['edit']) && is_string($_GET['edit']) ? (bool)$_GET['ed
 
 $usersCtx = $msz->getUsersContext();
 $users = $usersCtx->getUsers();
-$forum = $msz->getForum();
+$forumCtx = $msz->getForumContext();
+$forumCategories = $forumCtx->getCategories();
+$forumTopics = $forumCtx->getTopics();
+$forumPosts = $forumCtx->getPosts();
 
 $authInfo = $msz->getAuthInfo();
 $viewerInfo = $authInfo->getUserInfo();
@@ -289,8 +292,8 @@ if($isEditing) {
 
 // TODO: create user counters so these can be statically kept
 $profileStats = new stdClass;
-$profileStats->forum_topic_count = $forum->countTopics(userInfo: $userInfo, deleted: false);
-$profileStats->forum_post_count = $forum->countPosts(userInfo: $userInfo, deleted: false);
+$profileStats->forum_topic_count = $forumCtx->countTotalUserTopics($userInfo);
+$profileStats->forum_post_count = $forumCtx->countTotalUserPosts($userInfo);
 $profileStats->comments_count = $msz->getComments()->countPosts(userInfo: $userInfo, deleted: false);
 
 if(!$viewingAsGuest) {
@@ -302,21 +305,21 @@ if(!$viewingAsGuest) {
             'forum_leader.unranked.topic:a',
         ]);
 
-        $activeCategoryStats = $forum->getMostActiveCategoryInfo(
+        $activeCategoryStats = $forumCategories->getMostActiveCategoryInfo(
             $userInfo,
             $unranked['forum_leader.unranked.forum'],
             $unranked['forum_leader.unranked.topic'],
             deleted: false
         );
-        $activeCategoryInfo = $activeCategoryStats->success ? $forum->getCategory(categoryId: $activeCategoryStats->categoryId) : null;
+        $activeCategoryInfo = $activeCategoryStats->success ? $forumCategories->getCategory(categoryId: $activeCategoryStats->categoryId) : null;
 
-        $activeTopicStats = $forum->getMostActiveTopicInfo(
+        $activeTopicStats = $forumTopics->getMostActiveTopicInfo(
             $userInfo,
             $unranked['forum_leader.unranked.forum'],
             $unranked['forum_leader.unranked.topic'],
             deleted: false
         );
-        $activeTopicInfo = $activeTopicStats->success ? $forum->getTopic(topicId: $activeTopicStats->topicId) : null;
+        $activeTopicInfo = $activeTopicStats->success ? $forumTopics->getTopic(topicId: $activeTopicStats->topicId) : null;
 
         $profileFieldValues = $profileFields->getFieldValues($userInfo);
         $profileFieldInfos = $profileFieldInfos ?? $profileFields->getFields(fieldValueInfos: $isEditing ? null : $profileFieldValues);
diff --git a/public-legacy/search.php b/public-legacy/search.php
index 9d73164..eb99538 100644
--- a/public-legacy/search.php
+++ b/public-legacy/search.php
@@ -41,7 +41,10 @@ Template::addFunction('search_merge_query', function($attrs) use (&$searchQueryE
 if(!empty($searchQuery)) {
     $usersCtx = $msz->getUsersContext();
     $users = $usersCtx->getUsers();
-    $forum = $msz->getForum();
+    $forumCtx = $msz->getForumContext();
+    $forumCategories = $forumCtx->getCategories();
+    $forumTopics = $forumCtx->getTopics();
+    $forumPosts = $forumCtx->getPosts();
     $news = $msz->getNews();
     $comments = $msz->getComments();
 
@@ -79,18 +82,18 @@ if(!empty($searchQuery)) {
         $currentUserId = $currentUser === null ? 0 : (int)$currentUser->getId();
 
         $forumCategoryIds = XArray::where(
-            $forum->getCategories(hidden: false),
+            $forumCategories->getCategories(hidden: false),
             fn($categoryInfo) => $categoryInfo->mayHaveTopics() && $authInfo->getPerms('forum', $categoryInfo)->check(Perm::F_CATEGORY_VIEW)
         );
 
-        $forumTopicInfos = $forum->getTopics(categoryInfo: $forumCategoryIds, deleted: false, searchQuery: $searchQueryEvaluated);
-        $forumTopics = [];
+        $forumTopicInfos = $forumTopics->getTopics(categoryInfo: $forumCategoryIds, deleted: false, searchQuery: $searchQueryEvaluated);
+        $ftopics = [];
 
         foreach($forumTopicInfos as $topicInfo) {
-            $forumTopics[] = $topic = new stdClass;
+            $ftopics[] = $topic = new stdClass;
             $topic->info = $topicInfo;
-            $topic->unread = $forum->checkTopicUnread($topicInfo, $currentUser);
-            $topic->participated = $forum->checkTopicParticipated($topicInfo, $currentUser);
+            $topic->unread = $forumTopics->checkTopicUnread($topicInfo, $currentUser);
+            $topic->participated = $forumTopics->checkTopicParticipated($topicInfo, $currentUser);
             $topic->lastPost = new stdClass;
 
             if($topicInfo->hasUserId()) {
@@ -99,7 +102,7 @@ if(!empty($searchQuery)) {
             }
 
             try {
-                $topic->lastPost->info = $lastPostInfo = $forum->getPost(
+                $topic->lastPost->info = $lastPostInfo = $forumPosts->getPost(
                     topicInfo: $topicInfo,
                     getLast: true,
                     deleted: $topicInfo->isDeleted() ? null : false,
@@ -112,17 +115,17 @@ if(!empty($searchQuery)) {
             } catch(RuntimeException $ex) {}
         }
 
-        $forumPostInfos = $forum->getPosts(categoryInfo: $forumCategoryIds, searchQuery: $searchQueryEvaluated);
-        $forumPosts = [];
+        $forumPostInfos = $forumPosts->getPosts(categoryInfo: $forumCategoryIds, searchQuery: $searchQueryEvaluated);
+        $fposts = [];
 
         foreach($forumPostInfos as $postInfo) {
-            $forumPosts[] = $post = new stdClass;
+            $fposts[] = $post = new stdClass;
             $post->info = $postInfo;
 
             if($postInfo->hasUserId()) {
                 $post->user = $usersCtx->getUserInfo($postInfo->getUserId(), 'id');
                 $post->colour = $usersCtx->getUserColour($post->user);
-                $post->postsCount = $forum->countPosts(userInfo: $post->user, deleted: false);
+                $post->postsCount = $forumCtx->countTotalUserPosts($post->user);
             }
 
             // can't be bothered sorry
@@ -165,15 +168,15 @@ if(!empty($searchQuery)) {
         $members[] = $member = new stdClass;
         $member->info = $memberInfo;
         $member->colour = $usersCtx->getUserColour($memberInfo);
-        $member->ftopics = $forum->countTopics(userInfo: $memberInfo, deleted: false);
-        $member->fposts = $forum->countPosts(userInfo: $memberInfo, deleted: false);
+        $member->ftopics = $forumCtx->countTotalUserTopics($memberInfo);
+        $member->fposts = $forumCtx->countTotalUserPosts($memberInfo);
     }
 }
 
 Template::render('home.search', [
     'search_query' => $searchQuery,
-    'forum_topics' => $forumTopics ?? [],
-    'forum_posts' => $forumPosts ?? [],
+    'forum_topics' => $ftopics ?? [],
+    'forum_posts' => $fposts ?? [],
     'members' => $members ?? [],
     'news_posts' => $newsPosts ?? [],
 ]);
diff --git a/public-legacy/settings/account.php b/public-legacy/settings/account.php
index ae79b4e..839eacd 100644
--- a/public-legacy/settings/account.php
+++ b/public-legacy/settings/account.php
@@ -37,7 +37,10 @@ if(!$isRestricted && $isVerifiedRequest && !empty($_POST['role'])) {
             case 'leave':
                 if($roleInfo->isLeavable()) {
                     $users->removeRoles($userInfo, $roleInfo);
-                    $msz->getPerms()->precalculatePermissions($msz->getForum(), [$userInfo->getId()]);
+                    $msz->getPerms()->precalculatePermissions(
+                        $msz->getForumContext()->getCategories(),
+                        [$userInfo->getId()]
+                    );
                 } else
                     $errors[] = "You're not allow to leave this role, an administrator has to remove it for you.";
                 break;
diff --git a/src/Forum/Forum.php b/src/Forum/Forum.php
deleted file mode 100644
index c6a376e..0000000
--- a/src/Forum/Forum.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1571 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-namespace Misuzu\Forum;
-
-use InvalidArgumentException;
-use RuntimeException;
-use stdClass;
-use Index\DateTime;
-use Index\Colour\Colour;
-use Index\Data\DbStatementCache;
-use Index\Data\DbTools;
-use Index\Data\IDbConnection;
-use Index\Net\IPAddress;
-use Misuzu\Pagination;
-use Misuzu\Users\UserInfo;
-
-class Forum {
-    private IDbConnection $dbConn;
-    private DbStatementCache $cache;
-
-    public function __construct(IDbConnection $dbConn) {
-        $this->dbConn = $dbConn;
-        $this->cache = new DbStatementCache($dbConn);
-    }
-
-    public static function convertCategoryListToTree(
-        array $catInfos,
-        ForumCategoryInfo|string|null $parentInfo = null,
-        ?Colour $colour = null
-    ): array {
-        $colour ??= Colour::none();
-        $tree = [];
-        $predicate = $parentInfo
-            ? fn($catInfo) => $catInfo->isDirectChildOf($parentInfo)
-            : fn($catInfo) => !$catInfo->hasParent();
-
-        foreach($catInfos as $catInfo) {
-            if(!$predicate($catInfo))
-                continue;
-
-            $tree[$catInfo->getId()] = $item = new stdClass;
-            $item->info = $catInfo;
-            $item->colour = $catInfo->hasColour() ? $catInfo->getColour() : $colour;
-            $item->children = self::convertCategoryListToTree($catInfos, $catInfo, $item->colour);
-            $item->childIds = [];
-            foreach($item->children as $child) {
-                $item->childIds[] = $child->info->getId();
-                $item->childIds += $child->childIds;
-            }
-        }
-
-        return $tree;
-    }
-
-    public function countCategories(
-        ForumCategoryInfo|string|null|false $parentInfo = false,
-        string|int|null $type = null,
-        ?bool $hidden = null
-    ): int {
-        if($parentInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
-            $parentInfo = $parentInfo->getId();
-
-        $isRootParent = false;
-        $hasParentInfo = $parentInfo !== false;
-        $hasType = $type !== null;
-        $hasHidden = $hidden !== null;
-
-        $args = 0;
-        $query = 'SELECT COUNT(*) FROM msz_forum_categories';
-        if($hasParentInfo) {
-            ++$args;
-            $isRootParent = $parentInfo === null;
-            if($isRootParent) { // make a migration that makes the field DEFAULT NULL and update all 0s to NULL
-                $query .= 'WHERE (forum_parent IS NULL OR forum_parent = 0)';
-            } else {
-                $query .= 'WHERE forum_parent = ?';
-            }
-        }
-        if($hasType) {
-            if(is_string($type)) {
-                if(!array_key_exists($type, ForumCategoryInfo::TYPE_ALIASES))
-                    throw new InvalidArgumentException('$type is not a valid alias.');
-                $type = ForumCategoryInfo::TYPE_ALIASES[$type];
-            }
-
-            $query .= sprintf(' %s forum_type = ?', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE');
-        }
-        if($hasHidden)
-            $query .= sprintf(' %s forum_hidden %s 0', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE', $hidden ? '<>' : '=');
-
-        $args = 0;
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get($query);
-        if($hasParentInfo && !$isRootParent)
-            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $parentInfo);
-        if($hasType)
-            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $type);
-        $stmt->execute();
-
-        $result = $stmt->getResult();
-        return $result->next() ? $result->getInteger(0) : 0;
-    }
-
-    public function getCategories(
-        ForumCategoryInfo|string|null|false $parentInfo = false,
-        string|int|null $type = null,
-        ?bool $hidden = null,
-        bool $asTree = false,
-        ?Pagination $pagination = null
-    ): array {
-        $isRootParent = false;
-        $hasParentInfo = $parentInfo !== false;
-        $hasType = $type !== null;
-        $hasHidden = $hidden !== null;
-        $hasPagination = $pagination !== null;
-
-        if($hasParentInfo && $asTree)
-            throw new InvalidArgumentException('$asTree can only be used with $parentInfo set to false.');
-
-        $args = 0;
-        $query = 'SELECT forum_id, forum_order, forum_parent, forum_name, forum_type, forum_description, forum_icon, forum_colour, forum_link, forum_link_clicks, UNIX_TIMESTAMP(forum_created), forum_archived, forum_hidden, forum_count_topics, forum_count_posts FROM msz_forum_categories';
-        if($hasParentInfo) {
-            ++$args;
-            $isRootParent = $parentInfo === null;
-            if($isRootParent) { // make a migration that makes the field DEFAULT NULL and update all 0s to NULL
-                $query .= ' WHERE (forum_parent IS NULL OR forum_parent = 0)';
-            } else {
-                $query .= ' WHERE forum_parent = ?';
-            }
-        }
-        if($hasType) {
-            if(is_string($type)) {
-                if(!array_key_exists($type, ForumCategoryInfo::TYPE_ALIASES))
-                    throw new InvalidArgumentException('$type is not a valid alias.');
-                $type = ForumCategoryInfo::TYPE_ALIASES[$type];
-            }
-
-            $query .= sprintf(' %s forum_type = ?', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE');
-        }
-        if($hasHidden)
-            $query .= sprintf(' %s forum_hidden %s 0', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE', $hidden ? '<>' : '=');
-        $query .= ' ORDER BY forum_parent, forum_type <> 1, forum_order';
-        if($hasPagination)
-            $query .= ' LIMIT ? OFFSET ?';
-
-        $args = 0;
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get($query);
-        if($hasParentInfo && !$isRootParent) {
-            if($parentInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
-                $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $parentInfo->getId());
-            else
-                $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $parentInfo);
-        }
-        if($hasType)
-            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $type);
-        if($hasPagination) {
-            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $pagination->getRange());
-            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $pagination->getOffset());
-        }
-        $stmt->execute();
-
-        $result = $stmt->getResult();
-        $cats = [];
-
-        while($result->next())
-            $cats[] = new ForumCategoryInfo($result);
-
-        if($asTree)
-            $cats = self::convertCategoryListToTree($cats);
-
-        return $cats;
-    }
-
-    public function getCategory(
-        ?string $categoryId = null,
-        ForumTopicInfo|string|null $topicInfo = null,
-        ForumPostInfo|string|null $postInfo = null
-    ): ForumCategoryInfo {
-        $hasCategoryId = $categoryId !== null;
-        $hasTopicInfo = $topicInfo !== null;
-        $hasPostInfo = $postInfo !== null;
-
-        if(!$hasCategoryId && !$hasTopicInfo && !$hasPostInfo)
-            throw new InvalidArgumentException('You must specify an argument.');
-        if(($hasCategoryId && ($hasTopicInfo || $hasPostInfo))
-            || ($hasTopicInfo && ($hasCategoryId || $hasPostInfo))
-            || ($hasPostInfo && ($hasCategoryId || $hasTopicInfo)))
-            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Only one argument may be specified.');
-
-        $value = null;
-        $query = 'SELECT forum_id, forum_order, forum_parent, forum_name, forum_type, forum_description, forum_icon, forum_colour, forum_link, forum_link_clicks, UNIX_TIMESTAMP(forum_created), forum_archived, forum_hidden, forum_count_topics, forum_count_posts FROM msz_forum_categories';
-        if($hasCategoryId) {
-            $query .= ' WHERE forum_id = ?';
-            $value = $categoryId;
-        }
-        if($hasTopicInfo) {
-            if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo) {
-                $query .= ' WHERE forum_id = ?';
-                $value = $topicInfo->getCategoryId();
-            } else {
-                $query .= ' WHERE forum_id = (SELECT forum_id FROM msz_forum_topics WHERE topic_id = ?)';
-                $value = $topicInfo;
-            }
-        }
-        if($hasPostInfo) {
-            if($postInfo instanceof ForumPostInfo) {
-                $query .= ' WHERE forum_id = ?';
-                $value = $postInfo->getCategoryId();
-            } else {
-                $query .= ' WHERE forum_id = (SELECT forum_id FROM msz_forum_posts WHERE post_id = ?)';
-                $value = $postInfo;
-            }
-        }
-
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get($query);
-        $stmt->addParameter(1, $value);
-        $stmt->execute();
-
-        $result = $stmt->getResult();
-        if(!$result->next())
-            throw new RuntimeException('Forum category info not found.');
-
-        return new ForumCategoryInfo($result);
-    }
-
-    public function updateCategory(
-        ForumCategoryInfo|string $categoryInfo
-    ): void {
-        if($categoryInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
-            $categoryInfo = $categoryInfo->getId();
-    }
-
-    public function deleteCategory(ForumCategoryInfo|string $categoryInfo): void {
-        if($categoryInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
-            $categoryInfo = $categoryInfo->getId();
-    }
-
-    public function incrementCategoryClicks(ForumCategoryInfo|string $categoryInfo): void {
-        if($categoryInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
-            $categoryInfo = $categoryInfo->getId();
-
-        // previous implementation also WHERE'd for forum_type = link but i don't think there's any other way to get here anyhow
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get('UPDATE msz_forum_categories SET forum_link_clicks = forum_link_clicks + 1 WHERE forum_id = ? AND forum_link_clicks IS NOT NULL');
-        $stmt->addParameter(1, $categoryInfo);
-        $stmt->execute();
-    }
-
-    public function incrementCategoryTopics(ForumCategoryInfo|string $categoryInfo): void {
-        if($categoryInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
-            $categoryInfo = $categoryInfo->getId();
-
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get('UPDATE msz_forum_categories SET forum_count_topics = forum_count_topics + 1 WHERE forum_id = ?');
-        $stmt->addParameter(1, $categoryInfo);
-        $stmt->execute();
-    }
-
-    public function incrementCategoryPosts(ForumCategoryInfo|string $categoryInfo): void {
-        if($categoryInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
-            $categoryInfo = $categoryInfo->getId();
-
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get('UPDATE msz_forum_categories SET forum_count_posts = forum_count_posts + 1 WHERE forum_id = ?');
-        $stmt->addParameter(1, $categoryInfo);
-        $stmt->execute();
-    }
-
-    public function getCategoryAncestry(
-        ForumCategoryInfo|ForumTopicInfo|ForumPostInfo|string $categoryInfo
-    ): array {
-        if($categoryInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
-            $categoryInfo = $categoryInfo->getId();
-        elseif($categoryInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo || $categoryInfo instanceof ForumPostInfo)
-            $categoryInfo = $categoryInfo->getCategoryId();
-
-        $query = 'WITH RECURSIVE msz_cte_ancestry AS ('
-            . 'SELECT forum_id, forum_order, forum_parent, forum_name, forum_type, forum_description, forum_icon, forum_colour, forum_link, forum_link_clicks, UNIX_TIMESTAMP(forum_created), forum_archived, forum_hidden, forum_count_topics, forum_count_posts FROM msz_forum_categories WHERE forum_id = ?'
-            . ' UNION ALL'
-            . ' SELECT fc.forum_id, fc.forum_order, fc.forum_parent, fc.forum_name, fc.forum_type, fc.forum_description, fc.forum_icon, fc.forum_colour, fc.forum_link, fc.forum_link_clicks, UNIX_TIMESTAMP(fc.forum_created), fc.forum_archived, fc.forum_hidden, fc.forum_count_topics, fc.forum_count_posts FROM msz_forum_categories AS fc JOIN msz_cte_ancestry AS ca ON fc.forum_id = ca.forum_parent'
-            . ') SELECT * FROM msz_cte_ancestry';
-
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get($query);
-        $stmt->addParameter(1, $categoryInfo);
-        $stmt->execute();
-
-        $result = $stmt->getResult();
-        $cats = [];
-
-        while($result->next())
-            $cats[] = new ForumCategoryInfo($result);
-
-        return $cats;
-    }
-
-    public function getCategoryChildren(
-        ForumCategoryInfo|string $parentInfo,
-        bool $includeSelf = false,
-        ?bool $hidden = null,
-        bool $asTree = false
-    ): array {
-        if($parentInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
-            $parentInfo = $parentInfo->getId();
-
-        $hasHidden = $hidden !== null;
-
-        $query = 'WITH RECURSIVE msz_cte_children AS ('
-            . 'SELECT forum_id, forum_order, forum_parent, forum_name, forum_type, forum_description, forum_icon, forum_colour, forum_link, forum_link_clicks, UNIX_TIMESTAMP(forum_created), forum_archived, forum_hidden, forum_count_topics, forum_count_posts FROM msz_forum_categories WHERE forum_id = ?'
-            . ' UNION ALL'
-            . ' SELECT fc.forum_id, fc.forum_order, fc.forum_parent, fc.forum_name, fc.forum_type, fc.forum_description, fc.forum_icon, fc.forum_colour, fc.forum_link, fc.forum_link_clicks, UNIX_TIMESTAMP(fc.forum_created), fc.forum_archived, fc.forum_hidden, fc.forum_count_topics, fc.forum_count_posts FROM msz_forum_categories AS fc JOIN msz_cte_children AS cc ON fc.forum_parent = cc.forum_id'
-            . ') SELECT * FROM msz_cte_children';
-
-        $args = 0;
-        if(!$includeSelf) {
-            ++$args;
-            $query .= ' WHERE forum_id <> ?';
-        }
-        if($hasHidden)
-            $query .= sprintf(' %s forum_hidden %s 0', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE', $hidden ? '<>' : '=');
-        $query .= ' ORDER BY forum_parent, forum_order';
-
-        $args = 0;
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get($query);
-        $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $parentInfo);
-        if(!$includeSelf)
-            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $parentInfo);
-        $stmt->execute();
-
-        $result = $stmt->getResult();
-        $cats = [];
-
-        while($result->next())
-            $cats[] = new ForumCategoryInfo($result);
-
-        if($asTree)
-            $cats = self::convertCategoryListToTree($cats, $parentInfo);
-
-        return $cats;
-    }
-
-    public function checkCategoryUnread(
-        ForumCategoryInfo|string|array $categoryInfos,
-        UserInfo|string|null $userInfo
-    ): bool {
-        if($userInfo === null)
-            return false;
-
-        if(!is_array($categoryInfos))
-            $categoryInfos = [$categoryInfos];
-        if($userInfo instanceof UserInfo)
-            $userInfo = $userInfo->getId();
-
-        $args = 0;
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get(sprintf(
-            'SELECT COUNT(*) FROM msz_forum_topics AS ft LEFT JOIN msz_forum_topics_track AS ftt ON ftt.topic_id = ft.topic_id AND ftt.user_id = ? WHERE ft.forum_id IN (%s) AND ft.topic_deleted IS NULL AND ft.topic_bumped >= NOW() - INTERVAL 1 MONTH AND (ftt.track_last_read IS NULL OR ftt.track_last_read < ft.topic_bumped)',
-            DbTools::prepareListString($categoryInfos)
-        ));
-        $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $userInfo);
-        foreach($categoryInfos as $categoryInfo) {
-            if($categoryInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
-                $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $categoryInfo->getId());
-            elseif(is_string($categoryInfo) || is_int($categoryInfo))
-                $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $categoryInfo);
-            else
-                throw new InvalidArgumentException('Invalid item in $categoryInfos.');
-        }
-        $stmt->execute();
-
-        $result = $stmt->getResult();
-        return $result->next() && $result->getInteger(0) > 0;
-    }
-
-    public function updateUserReadCategory(
-        UserInfo|string|null $userInfo,
-        ForumCategoryInfo|string $categoryInfo
-    ): void {
-        if($userInfo === null)
-            return;
-
-        if($userInfo instanceof UserInfo)
-            $userInfo = $userInfo->getId();
-        if($categoryInfo instanceof $categoryInfo)
-            $categoryInfo = $categoryInfo->getId();
-
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get('REPLACE INTO msz_forum_topics_track (user_id, topic_id, forum_id, track_last_read) SELECT ?, topic_id, forum_id, NOW() FROM msz_forum_topics WHERE forum_id = ? AND topic_bumped >= NOW() - INTERVAL 1 MONTH');
-        $stmt->addParameter(1, $userInfo);
-        $stmt->addParameter(2, $categoryInfo);
-        $stmt->execute();
-    }
-
-    public function getCategoryColour(
-        ForumCategoryInfo|ForumTopicInfo|ForumPostInfo|string $categoryInfo
-    ): Colour {
-        if($categoryInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
-            $categoryInfo = $categoryInfo->getId();
-        elseif($categoryInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo || $categoryInfo instanceof ForumPostInfo)
-            $categoryInfo = $categoryInfo->getCategoryId();
-
-        $query = 'WITH RECURSIVE msz_cte_colours AS ('
-            . 'SELECT forum_id, forum_parent, forum_colour FROM msz_forum_categories WHERE forum_id = ?'
-            . ' UNION ALL'
-            . ' SELECT fc.forum_id, fc.forum_parent, fc.forum_colour FROM msz_forum_categories AS fc JOIN msz_cte_colours AS cc ON fc.forum_id = cc.forum_parent'
-            . ') SELECT forum_colour FROM msz_cte_colours WHERE forum_colour IS NOT NULL';
-
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get($query);
-        $stmt->addParameter(1, $categoryInfo);
-        $stmt->execute();
-
-        $result = $stmt->getResult();
-        return $result->next() ? Colour::fromMisuzu($result->getInteger(0)) : Colour::none();
-    }
-
-    public function getMostActiveCategoryInfo(
-        UserInfo|string $userInfo,
-        array $exceptCategoryInfos = [],
-        array $exceptTopicInfos = [],
-        ?bool $deleted = null
-    ): object {
-        if($userInfo instanceof UserInfo)
-            $userInfo = $userInfo->getId();
-
-        $hasExceptCategoryInfos = !empty($exceptCategoryInfos);
-        $hasExceptTopicInfos = !empty($exceptTopicInfos);
-        $hasDeleted = $deleted !== null;
-
-        $query = 'SELECT forum_id, COUNT(*) AS post_count FROM msz_forum_posts WHERE user_id = ?';
-        if($hasDeleted)
-            $query .= sprintf(' AND post_deleted %s NULL', $deleted ? 'IS NOT' : 'IS');
-        if($hasExceptCategoryInfos)
-            $query .= sprintf(' AND forum_id NOT IN (%s)', DbTools::prepareListString($exceptCategoryInfos));
-        if($hasExceptTopicInfos)
-            $query .= sprintf(' AND topic_id NOT IN (%s)', DbTools::prepareListString($exceptTopicInfos));
-        $query .= ' GROUP BY forum_id ORDER BY post_count DESC LIMIT 1';
-
-        $args = 0;
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get($query);
-        $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $userInfo);
-        foreach($exceptCategoryInfos as $categoryInfo) {
-            if($categoryInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
-                $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $categoryInfo->getId());
-            elseif(is_string($categoryInfo) || is_int($categoryInfo))
-                $stmt->addParameter(++$args, (string)$categoryInfo);
-            else
-                throw new InvalidArgumentException('$exceptCategoryInfos may only contain string ids or instances of ForumCategoryInfo.');
-        }
-        foreach($exceptTopicInfos as $topicInfo) {
-            if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo)
-                $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $topicInfo->getId());
-            elseif(is_string($topicInfo) || is_int($topicInfo))
-                $stmt->addParameter(++$args, (string)$topicInfo);
-            else
-                throw new InvalidArgumentException('$exceptTopicInfos may only contain string ids or instances of ForumTopicInfo.');
-        }
-        $stmt->execute();
-
-        $result = $stmt->getResult();
-        $info = new stdClass;
-        $info->success = $result->next();
-        if($info->success) {
-            $info->categoryId = $result->getString(0);
-            $info->postCount = $result->getInteger(1);
-        }
-
-        return $info;
-    }
-
-    public function syncForumCounters(
-        ForumCategoryInfo|string|null $categoryInfo = null,
-        bool $updateCounters = true
-    ): object {
-        if($categoryInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
-            $categoryInfo = $categoryInfo->getId();
-        elseif($categoryInfo === null)
-            $categoryInfo = '0';
-
-        $counters = new stdClass;
-
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get('SELECT ? AS target_category_id, (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM msz_forum_topics WHERE forum_id = target_category_id AND topic_deleted IS NULL) AS count_topics, (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM msz_forum_posts WHERE forum_id = target_category_id AND post_deleted IS NULL) AS count_posts');
-        $stmt->addParameter(1, $categoryInfo);
-        $stmt->execute();
-
-        $result = $stmt->getResult();
-        if(!$result->next())
-            throw new RuntimeException('Failed to fetch forum category counters.');
-
-        $counters->topics = $result->getInteger(1);
-        $counters->posts = $result->getInteger(2);
-
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get('SELECT forum_id FROM msz_forum_categories WHERE forum_parent = ?');
-        $stmt->addParameter(1, $categoryInfo);
-        $stmt->execute();
-
-        $children = [];
-        $result = $stmt->getResult();
-        while($result->next())
-            $children[] = $result->getString(0);
-
-        foreach($children as $childId) {
-            $childCounters = $this->syncForumCounters($childId, $updateCounters);
-            $counters->topics += $childCounters->topics;
-            $counters->posts += $childCounters->posts;
-        }
-
-        if($updateCounters && $categoryInfo !== '0') {
-            $stmt = $this->cache->get('UPDATE msz_forum_categories SET forum_count_topics = ?, forum_count_posts = ? WHERE forum_id = ?');
-            $stmt->addParameter(1, $counters->topics);
-            $stmt->addParameter(2, $counters->posts);
-            $stmt->addParameter(3, $categoryInfo);
-            $stmt->execute();
-        }
-
-        return $counters;
-    }
-
-    public function countTopics(
-        ForumCategoryInfo|string|array|null $categoryInfo = null,
-        UserInfo|string|null $userInfo = null,
-        ?bool $global = null,
-        ?bool $deleted = null
-    ): int {
-        if($categoryInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
-            $categoryInfo = $categoryInfo->getId();
-        if($userInfo instanceof UserInfo)
-            $userInfo = $userInfo->getId();
-
-        $hasCategoryInfo = $categoryInfo !== null;
-        $hasUserInfo = $userInfo !== null;
-        $hasGlobal = $global !== null;
-        $hasDeleted = $deleted !== null;
-
-        $args = 0;
-        $query = 'SELECT COUNT(*) FROM msz_forum_topics';
-        if($hasCategoryInfo || $hasGlobal) {
-            ++$args;
-
-            // wow this sucks
-            $hasGlobalAndCategory = $hasCategoryInfo && $hasGlobal;
-            $query .= ' WHERE ';
-            if($hasGlobalAndCategory)
-                $query .= '(';
-
-            if($hasCategoryInfo) {
-                if(is_array($categoryInfo))
-                    $query .= sprintf('forum_id IN (%s)', DbTools::prepareListString($categoryInfo));
-                else
-                    $query .= 'forum_id = ?';
-            }
-
-            if($hasGlobalAndCategory)
-                $query .= ' OR ';
-
-            if($hasGlobal) // not sure why you would ever set this to false, but consistency!
-                $query .= sprintf('topic_type %s %d', $global ? '=' : '<>', ForumTopicInfo::TYPE_GLOBAL);
-
-            if($hasGlobalAndCategory)
-                $query .= ')';
-        }
-        if($hasUserInfo)
-            $query .= sprintf(' %s user_id = ?', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE');
-        if($hasDeleted)
-            $query .= sprintf(' %s topic_deleted %s NULL', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE', $deleted ? 'IS NOT' : 'IS');
-
-        $args = 0;
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get($query);
-        if($hasCategoryInfo) {
-            if(is_array($categoryInfo)) {
-                foreach($categoryInfo as $categoryInfoEntry)
-                    $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $categoryInfoEntry instanceof ForumCategoryInfo ? $categoryInfoEntry->getId() : (string)$categoryInfoEntry);
-            } else
-                $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $categoryInfo);
-        }
-        if($hasUserInfo)
-            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $userInfo);
-        $stmt->execute();
-
-        $result = $stmt->getResult();
-        return $result->next() ? $result->getInteger(0) : 0;
-    }
-
-    public function getTopics(
-        ForumCategoryInfo|string|array|null $categoryInfo = null,
-        UserInfo|string|null $userInfo = null,
-        ?array $searchQuery = null,
-        ?bool $global = null,
-        ?bool $deleted = null,
-        ?Pagination $pagination = null
-    ): array {
-        // remove this hack when search server
-        $hasSearchQuery = $searchQuery !== null;
-        $hasAfterTopicId = false;
-        $afterTopicId = null;
-        $doSearchOrder = false;
-        if($hasSearchQuery) {
-            if(!empty($searchQuery['type'])
-                && $searchQuery['type'] !== 'forum'
-                && $searchQuery['type'] !== 'forum:topic')
-                return [];
-
-            $deleted = false;
-            $pagination = null;
-            $doSearchOrder = true;
-
-            if(!empty($searchQuery['author']))
-                $userInfo = $searchQuery['author'];
-
-            if(!empty($searchQuery['after'])) {
-                $hasAfterTopicId = true;
-                $afterTopicId = $searchQuery['after'];
-            }
-
-            $searchQuery = $searchQuery['query_string'];
-            $hasSearchQuery = !empty($searchQuery);
-        }
-
-        if($categoryInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
-            $categoryInfo = $categoryInfo->getId();
-        if($userInfo instanceof UserInfo)
-            $userInfo = $userInfo->getId();
-
-        $hasCategoryInfo = $categoryInfo !== null;
-        $hasUserInfo = $userInfo !== null;
-        $hasGlobal = $global !== null;
-        $hasDeleted = $deleted !== null;
-        $hasPagination = $pagination !== null;
-
-        $args = 0;
-        $query = 'SELECT topic_id, forum_id, user_id, topic_type, topic_title, topic_count_views, UNIX_TIMESTAMP(topic_created), UNIX_TIMESTAMP(topic_bumped), UNIX_TIMESTAMP(topic_deleted), UNIX_TIMESTAMP(topic_locked), (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM msz_forum_posts WHERE topic_id = ft.topic_id AND post_deleted IS NULL) AS topic_count_posts, (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM msz_forum_posts WHERE topic_id = ft.topic_id AND post_deleted IS NOT NULL) AS topic_count_posts_deleted FROM msz_forum_topics AS ft';
-        if($hasCategoryInfo || $hasGlobal) {
-            ++$args;
-
-            // wow this sucks
-            $hasGlobalAndCategory = $hasCategoryInfo && $hasGlobal;
-            $query .= ' WHERE ';
-            if($hasGlobalAndCategory)
-                $query .= '(';
-
-            if($hasCategoryInfo) {
-                if(is_array($categoryInfo))
-                    $query .= sprintf('forum_id IN (%s)', DbTools::prepareListString($categoryInfo));
-                else
-                    $query .= 'forum_id = ?';
-            }
-
-            if($hasGlobalAndCategory)
-                $query .= ' OR ';
-
-            if($hasGlobal) // not sure why you would ever set this to false, but consistency!
-                $query .= sprintf('topic_type %s %d', $global ? '=' : '<>', ForumTopicInfo::TYPE_GLOBAL);
-
-            if($hasGlobalAndCategory)
-                $query .= ')';
-        }
-        if($hasUserInfo)
-            $query .= sprintf(' %s user_id = ?', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE');
-        if($hasAfterTopicId)
-            $query .= sprintf(' %s topic_id > ?', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE');
-        if($hasSearchQuery)
-            $query .= sprintf(' %s MATCH(topic_title) AGAINST (? IN NATURAL LANGUAGE MODE)', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE');
-        if($hasDeleted)
-            $query .= sprintf(' %s topic_deleted %s NULL', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE', $deleted ? 'IS NOT' : 'IS');
-        if($doSearchOrder) {
-            $query .= ' ORDER BY topic_id ASC LIMIT 20';
-        } else {
-            $query .= ' ORDER BY topic_type DESC, topic_bumped DESC';
-            if($hasPagination)
-                $query .= ' LIMIT ? OFFSET ?';
-        }
-
-        $args = 0;
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get($query);
-        if($hasCategoryInfo) {
-            if(is_array($categoryInfo)) {
-                foreach($categoryInfo as $categoryInfoEntry)
-                    $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $categoryInfoEntry instanceof ForumCategoryInfo ? $categoryInfoEntry->getId() : (string)$categoryInfoEntry);
-            } else
-                $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $categoryInfo);
-        }
-        if($hasUserInfo)
-            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $userInfo);
-        if($hasAfterTopicId)
-            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $afterTopicId);
-        if($hasSearchQuery)
-            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $searchQuery);
-        if($hasPagination) {
-            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $pagination->getRange());
-            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $pagination->getOffset());
-        }
-        $stmt->execute();
-
-        $result = $stmt->getResult();
-        $topics = [];
-
-        while($result->next())
-            $topics[] = new ForumTopicInfo($result);
-
-        return $topics;
-    }
-
-    public function getTopic(
-        ?string $topicId = null,
-        ForumPostInfo|string|null $postInfo = null
-    ): ForumTopicInfo {
-        $hasTopicId = $topicId !== null;
-        $hasPostInfo = $postInfo !== null;
-
-        if(!$hasTopicId && !$hasPostInfo)
-            throw new InvalidArgumentException('At least one argument must be specified.');
-        if($hasTopicId && $hasPostInfo)
-            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Only one argument may be specified.');
-
-        $value = null;
-        $query = 'SELECT topic_id, forum_id, user_id, topic_type, topic_title, topic_count_views, UNIX_TIMESTAMP(topic_created), UNIX_TIMESTAMP(topic_bumped), UNIX_TIMESTAMP(topic_deleted), UNIX_TIMESTAMP(topic_locked), (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM msz_forum_posts WHERE topic_id = ft.topic_id AND post_deleted IS NULL) AS topic_count_posts, (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM msz_forum_posts WHERE topic_id = ft.topic_id AND post_deleted IS NOT NULL) AS topic_count_posts_deleted FROM msz_forum_topics AS ft';
-        if($hasTopicId) {
-            $query .= ' WHERE topic_id = ?';
-            $value = $topicId;
-        }
-        if($hasPostInfo) {
-            if($postInfo instanceof ForumPostInfo) {
-                $query .= ' WHERE topic_id = ?';
-                $value = $postInfo->getTopicId();
-            } else {
-                $query .= ' WHERE topic_id = (SELECT topic_id FROM msz_forum_posts WHERE post_id = ?)';
-                $value = $postInfo;
-            }
-        }
-
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get($query);
-        $stmt->addParameter(1, $value);
-        $stmt->execute();
-
-        $result = $stmt->getResult();
-        if(!$result->next())
-            throw new RuntimeException('Forum topic not found.');
-
-        return new ForumTopicInfo($result);
-    }
-
-    public function createTopic(
-        ForumCategoryInfo|string $categoryInfo,
-        UserInfo|string|null $userInfo,
-        string $title,
-        string|int $type = ForumTopicInfo::TYPE_DISCUSSION
-    ): ForumTopicInfo {
-        if(is_string($type)) {
-            if(!array_key_exists($type, ForumTopicInfo::TYPE_ALIASES))
-                throw new InvalidArgumentException('$type is not a valid alias.');
-            $type = ForumTopicInfo::TYPE_ALIASES[$type];
-        }
-        if($categoryInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
-            $categoryInfo = $categoryInfo->getId();
-        if($userInfo instanceof UserInfo)
-            $userInfo = $userInfo->getId();
-
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get('INSERT INTO msz_forum_topics (forum_id, user_id, topic_type, topic_title) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)');
-        $stmt->addParameter(1, $categoryInfo);
-        $stmt->addParameter(2, $userInfo);
-        $stmt->addParameter(3, $type);
-        $stmt->addParameter(4, $title);
-        $stmt->execute();
-
-        return $this->getTopic(topicId: (string)$this->dbConn->getLastInsertId());
-    }
-
-    public function updateTopic(
-        ForumTopicInfo|string $topicInfo,
-        ?string $title = null,
-        string|int|null $type = null
-    ): void {
-        if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo)
-            $topicInfo = $topicInfo->getId();
-
-        $fields = [];
-        $values = [];
-
-        if($title !== null) {
-            $fields[] = 'topic_title = ?';
-            $values[] = $title;
-        }
-
-        if($type !== null) {
-            if(is_string($type)) {
-                if(!array_key_exists($type, ForumTopicInfo::TYPE_ALIASES))
-                    throw new InvalidArgumentException('$type is not a valid type alias.');
-
-                $type = ForumTopicInfo::TYPE_ALIASES[$type];
-            }
-
-            $fields[] = 'topic_type = ?';
-            $values[] = $type;
-        }
-
-        if(empty($fields))
-            return;
-
-        $args = 0;
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get(sprintf('UPDATE msz_forum_topics SET %s WHERE topic_id = ?', implode(', ', $fields)));
-        foreach($values as $value)
-            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $value);
-        $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $topicInfo);
-        $stmt->execute();
-    }
-
-    public function incrementTopicViews(ForumTopicInfo|string $topicInfo): void {
-        if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo)
-            $topicInfo = $topicInfo->getId();
-
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get('UPDATE msz_forum_topics SET topic_count_views = topic_count_views + 1 WHERE topic_id = ?');
-        $stmt->addParameter(1, $topicInfo);
-        $stmt->execute();
-    }
-
-    public function bumpTopic(ForumTopicInfo|string $topicInfo): void {
-        if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo)
-            $topicInfo = $topicInfo->getId();
-
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get('UPDATE msz_forum_topics SET topic_bumped = NOW() WHERE topic_id = ?');
-        $stmt->addParameter(1, $topicInfo);
-        $stmt->execute();
-    }
-
-    public function lockTopic(ForumTopicInfo|string $topicInfo): void {
-        if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo)
-            $topicInfo = $topicInfo->getId();
-
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get('UPDATE msz_forum_topics SET topic_locked = NOW() WHERE topic_id = ?');
-        $stmt->addParameter(1, $topicInfo);
-        $stmt->execute();
-    }
-
-    public function unlockTopic(ForumTopicInfo|string $topicInfo): void {
-        if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo)
-            $topicInfo = $topicInfo->getId();
-
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get('UPDATE msz_forum_topics SET topic_locked = NULL WHERE topic_id = ?');
-        $stmt->addParameter(1, $topicInfo);
-        $stmt->execute();
-    }
-
-    public function deleteTopic(ForumTopicInfo|string $topicInfo): void {
-        if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo)
-            $topicInfo = $topicInfo->getId();
-
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get('UPDATE msz_forum_topics SET topic_deleted = COALESCE(topic_deleted, NOW()) WHERE topic_id = ? AND topic_deleted IS NULL');
-        $stmt->addParameter(1, $topicInfo);
-        $stmt->execute();
-
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get('UPDATE msz_forum_posts AS fp SET post_deleted = (SELECT topic_deleted FROM msz_forum_topics WHERE topic_id = fp.topic_id) WHERE topic_id = ? AND post_deleted = NULL');
-        $stmt->addParameter(1, $topicInfo);
-        $stmt->execute();
-    }
-
-    public function restoreTopic(ForumTopicInfo|string $topicInfo): void {
-        if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo)
-            $topicInfo = $topicInfo->getId();
-
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get('UPDATE msz_forum_posts AS fp SET post_deleted = NULL WHERE topic_id = ? AND post_deleted = (SELECT topic_deleted FROM msz_forum_topics WHERE topic_id = fp.topic_id)');
-        $stmt->addParameter(1, $topicInfo);
-        $stmt->execute();
-
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get('UPDATE msz_forum_topics SET topic_deleted = NULL WHERE topic_id = ?');
-        $stmt->addParameter(1, $topicInfo);
-        $stmt->execute();
-    }
-
-    public function nukeTopic(ForumTopicInfo|string $topicInfo): void {
-        if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo)
-            $topicInfo = $topicInfo->getId();
-
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get('DELETE FROM msz_forum_topics WHERE topic_id = ?');
-        $stmt->addParameter(1, $topicInfo);
-        $stmt->execute();
-    }
-
-    public function checkTopicParticipated(
-        ForumTopicInfo|string $topicInfo,
-        UserInfo|string|null $userInfo
-    ): bool {
-        if($userInfo === null)
-            return false;
-        if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo)
-            $topicInfo = $topicInfo->getId();
-        if($userInfo instanceof UserInfo)
-            $userInfo = $userInfo->getId();
-
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM msz_forum_posts WHERE topic_id = ? AND user_id = ?');
-        $stmt->addParameter(1, $topicInfo);
-        $stmt->addParameter(2, $userInfo);
-        $stmt->execute();
-        $result = $stmt->getResult();
-
-        return $result->next() && $result->getInteger(0) > 0;
-    }
-
-    public function checkTopicUnread(
-        ForumTopicInfo|string $topicInfo,
-        UserInfo|string|null $userInfo
-    ): bool {
-        if($userInfo === null)
-            return false;
-
-        $topicInfoIsInstance = $topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo;
-        if($topicInfoIsInstance && !$topicInfo->isActive())
-            return false;
-
-        $query = 'SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP(track_last_read) FROM msz_forum_topics_track AS ftt WHERE user_id = ? AND topic_id = ?';
-        if(!$topicInfoIsInstance)
-            $query .= ' AND track_last_read = (SELECT topic_bumped FROM msz_forum_topics WHERE topic_id = ftt.topic_id AND topic_bumped >= NOW() - INTERVAL 1 MONTH)';
-
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get($query);
-        $stmt->addParameter(1, $userInfo instanceof UserInfo ? $userInfo->getId() : $userInfo);
-        $stmt->addParameter(2, $topicInfoIsInstance ? $topicInfo->getId() : $topicInfo);
-        $stmt->execute();
-        $result = $stmt->getResult();
-
-        // user has never read this topic, return unread
-        if(!$result->next())
-            return true;
-
-        return $result->getInteger(0) < $topicInfo->getBumpedTime();
-    }
-
-    public function getMostActiveTopicInfo(
-        UserInfo|string $userInfo,
-        array $exceptCategoryInfos = [],
-        array $exceptTopicInfos = [],
-        ?bool $deleted = null
-    ): object {
-        if($userInfo instanceof UserInfo)
-            $userInfo = $userInfo->getId();
-
-        $hasExceptCategoryInfos = !empty($exceptCategoryInfos);
-        $hasExceptTopicInfos = !empty($exceptTopicInfos);
-        $hasDeleted = $deleted !== null;
-
-        $query = 'SELECT topic_id, forum_id, COUNT(*) AS post_count FROM msz_forum_posts WHERE user_id = ?';
-        if($hasDeleted)
-            $query .= sprintf(' AND post_deleted %s NULL', $deleted ? 'IS NOT' : 'IS');
-        if($hasExceptCategoryInfos)
-            $query .= sprintf(' AND forum_id NOT IN (%s)', DbTools::prepareListString($exceptCategoryInfos));
-        if($hasExceptTopicInfos)
-            $query .= sprintf(' AND topic_id NOT IN (%s)', DbTools::prepareListString($exceptTopicInfos));
-        $query .= ' GROUP BY topic_id ORDER BY post_count DESC LIMIT 1';
-
-        $args = 0;
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get($query);
-        $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $userInfo);
-        foreach($exceptCategoryInfos as $categoryInfo) {
-            if($categoryInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
-                $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $categoryInfo->getId());
-            elseif(is_string($categoryInfo) || is_int($categoryInfo))
-                $stmt->addParameter(++$args, (string)$categoryInfo);
-            else
-                throw new InvalidArgumentException('$exceptCategoryInfos may only contain string ids or instances of ForumCategoryInfo.');
-        }
-        foreach($exceptTopicInfos as $topicInfo) {
-            if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo)
-                $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $topicInfo->getId());
-            elseif(is_string($topicInfo) || is_int($topicInfo))
-                $stmt->addParameter(++$args, (string)$topicInfo);
-            else
-                throw new InvalidArgumentException('$exceptTopicInfos may only contain string ids or instances of ForumTopicInfo.');
-        }
-        $stmt->execute();
-
-        $result = $stmt->getResult();
-        $info = new stdClass;
-        $info->success = $result->next();
-        if($info->success) {
-            $info->topicId = $result->getString(0);
-            $info->categoryId = $result->getString(1);
-            $info->postCount = $result->getInteger(2);
-        }
-
-        return $info;
-    }
-
-    public function checkUserHasReadTopic(
-        UserInfo|string|null $userInfo,
-        ForumTopicInfo|string $topicInfo
-    ): bool {
-        // this method is primarily used to check if we should increment the view count
-        // guests shouldn't increment it so we just
-        if($userInfo === null)
-            return true;
-
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM msz_forum_topics_track WHERE topic_id = ? AND user_id = ?');
-        $stmt->addParameter(1, $topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo ? $topicInfo->getId() : $topicInfo);
-        $stmt->addParameter(2, $userInfo instanceof UserInfo ? $userInfo->getId() : $userInfo);
-        $stmt->execute();
-        $result = $stmt->getResult();
-
-        return $result->next() && $result->getInteger(0) > 0;
-    }
-
-    public function updateUserReadTopic(
-        UserInfo|string|null $userInfo,
-        ForumTopicInfo|string $topicInfo,
-        ForumCategoryInfo|string|null $categoryInfo = null
-    ): void {
-        if($userInfo === null)
-            return;
-
-        if($userInfo instanceof UserInfo)
-            $userInfo = $userInfo->getId();
-
-        if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo) {
-            $categoryInfo = $topicInfo->getCategoryId();
-            $topicInfo = $topicInfo->getId();
-        } else {
-            if($categoryInfo === null)
-                throw new InvalidArgumentException('$categoryInfo must be specified if $topicInfo is not an instance of ForumTopicInfo.');
-            if($categoryInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
-                $categoryInfo = $categoryInfo->getId();
-        }
-
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get('REPLACE INTO msz_forum_topics_track (user_id, topic_id, forum_id, track_last_read) VALUES (?, ?, ?, NOW())');
-        $stmt->addParameter(1, $userInfo);
-        $stmt->addParameter(2, $topicInfo);
-        $stmt->addParameter(3, $categoryInfo);
-        $stmt->execute();
-    }
-
-    public function countTopicRedirects(
-        UserInfo|string|null $userInfo = null
-    ): int {
-        if($userInfo instanceof UserInfo)
-            $userInfo = $userInfo->getId();
-
-        $hasUserInfo = $userInfo !== null;
-
-        $query = 'SELECT COUNT(*) FROM msz_forum_topics_redirects';
-        if($hasUserInfo)
-            $query .= ' WHERE user_id = ?';
-
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get($query);
-        if($hasUserInfo)
-            $stmt->addParameter(1, $userInfo);
-        $stmt->execute();
-
-        $result = $stmt->getResult();
-        return $result->next() ? $result->getInteger(0) : 0;
-    }
-
-    public function getTopicRedirects(
-        UserInfo|string|null $userInfo = null,
-        ?Pagination $pagination = null
-    ): array {
-        if($userInfo instanceof UserInfo)
-            $userInfo = $userInfo->getId();
-
-        $hasUserInfo = $userInfo !== null;
-        $hasPagination = $pagination !== null;
-
-        $query = 'SELECT topic_id, user_id, topic_redir_url, UNIX_TIMESTAMP(topic_redir_created) FROM msz_forum_topics_redirects';
-        if($hasUserInfo)
-            $query .= ' WHERE user_id = ?';
-        if($hasPagination)
-            $query .= ' LIMIT ? OFFSET ?';
-
-        $args = 0;
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get($query);
-        if($hasUserInfo)
-            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $userInfo);
-        if($hasPagination) {
-            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $pagination->getRange());
-            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $pagination->getOffset());
-        }
-        $stmt->execute();
-
-        $result = $stmt->getResult();
-        $redirs = [];
-
-        while($result->next())
-            $redirs[] = new ForumTopicRedirectInfo($result);
-
-        return $redirs;
-    }
-
-    public function hasTopicRedirect(ForumTopicInfo|string $topicInfo): bool {
-        if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo)
-            $topicInfo = $topicInfo->getId();
-
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM msz_forum_topics_redirects WHERE topic_id = ?');
-        $stmt->addParameter(1, $topicInfo);
-        $stmt->execute();
-
-        $result = $stmt->getResult();
-        if(!$result->next())
-            throw new RuntimeException('Was unable to check if a redirect exists.');
-
-        return $result->getInteger(0) > 0;
-    }
-
-    public function getTopicRedirect(ForumTopicInfo|string $topicInfo): ForumTopicRedirectInfo {
-        if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo)
-            $topicInfo = $topicInfo->getId();
-
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get('SELECT topic_id, user_id, topic_redir_url, UNIX_TIMESTAMP(topic_redir_created) FROM msz_forum_topics_redirects WHERE topic_id = ?');
-        $stmt->addParameter(1, $topicInfo);
-        $stmt->execute();
-
-        $result = $stmt->getResult();
-        if(!$result->next())
-            throw new RuntimeException('Could not find that forum topic redirect.');
-
-        return new ForumTopicRedirectInfo($result);
-    }
-
-    public function createTopicRedirect(
-        ForumTopicInfo|string $topicInfo,
-        UserInfo|string|null $userInfo,
-        string $linkTarget
-    ): ForumTopicRedirectInfo {
-        if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo)
-            $topicInfo = $topicInfo->getId();
-        if($userInfo instanceof UserInfo)
-            $userInfo = $userInfo->getId();
-
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get('INSERT INTO msz_forum_topics_redirects (topic_id, user_id, topic_redir_url) VALUES (?, ?, ?)');
-        $stmt->addParameter(1, $topicInfo);
-        $stmt->addParameter(2, $userInfo);
-        $stmt->addParameter(3, $linkTarget);
-        $stmt->execute();
-
-        return $this->getTopicRedirect($topicInfo);
-    }
-
-    public function deleteTopicRedirect(ForumTopicRedirectInfo|ForumTopicInfo|string $topicInfo): void {
-        if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicRedirectInfo)
-            $topicInfo = $topicInfo->getTopicId();
-        elseif($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo)
-            $topicInfo = $topicInfo->getId();
-
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get('DELETE FROM msz_forum_topics_redirects WHERE topic_id = ?');
-        $stmt->addParameter(1, $topicInfo);
-        $stmt->execute();
-    }
-
-    public function countPosts(
-        ForumCategoryInfo|string|null $categoryInfo = null,
-        ForumTopicInfo|string|null $topicInfo = null,
-        UserInfo|string|null $userInfo = null,
-        ForumPostInfo|string|null $upToPostInfo = null,
-        ?bool $deleted = null
-    ): int {
-        if($categoryInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
-            $categoryInfo = $categoryInfo->getId();
-        if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo)
-            $topicInfo = $topicInfo->getId();
-        if($userInfo instanceof UserInfo)
-            $userInfo = $userInfo->getId();
-        if($upToPostInfo instanceof ForumPostInfo)
-            $upToPostInfo = $upToPostInfo->getId();
-
-        $hasCategoryInfo = $categoryInfo !== null;
-        $hasTopicInfo = $topicInfo !== null;
-        $hasUserInfo = $userInfo !== null;
-        $hasUpToPostInfo = $upToPostInfo !== null;
-        $hasDeleted = $deleted !== null;
-
-        $args = 0;
-        $query = 'SELECT COUNT(*) FROM msz_forum_posts';
-        if($hasCategoryInfo) {
-            ++$args;
-            $query .= ' WHERE forum_id = ?';
-        }
-        if($hasTopicInfo)
-            $query .= sprintf(' %s topic_id = ?', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE');
-        if($hasUserInfo)
-            $query .= sprintf(' %s user_id = ?', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE');
-        if($hasUpToPostInfo)
-            $query .= sprintf(' %s post_id < ?', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE');
-        if($hasDeleted)
-            $query .= sprintf(' %s post_deleted %s NULL', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE', $deleted ? 'IS NOT' : 'IS');
-
-        $args = 0;
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get($query);
-        if($hasCategoryInfo)
-            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $categoryInfo);
-        if($hasTopicInfo)
-            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $topicInfo);
-        if($hasUserInfo)
-            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $userInfo);
-        if($hasUpToPostInfo)
-            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $upToPostInfo);
-        $stmt->execute();
-
-        $result = $stmt->getResult();
-        return $result->next() ? $result->getInteger(0) : 0;
-    }
-
-    public function getPosts(
-        ForumCategoryInfo|string|array|null $categoryInfo = null,
-        ForumTopicInfo|string|null $topicInfo = null,
-        UserInfo|string|null $userInfo = null,
-        ForumPostInfo|string|null $upToPostInfo = null,
-        ForumPostInfo|string|null $afterPostInfo = null,
-        ?int $newerThanDays = null,
-        ?array $searchQuery = null,
-        ?bool $deleted = null,
-        ?Pagination $pagination = null
-    ): array {
-        // remove this hack when search server
-        $hasSearchQuery = $searchQuery !== null;
-        $doSearchOrder = false;
-        if($hasSearchQuery) {
-            if(!empty($searchQuery['type'])
-                && $searchQuery['type'] !== 'forum'
-                && $searchQuery['type'] !== 'forum:post')
-                return [];
-
-            $userInfo = null;
-            $deleted = false;
-            $pagination = null;
-            $doSearchOrder = true;
-            $afterPostInfo = null;
-            $newerThanDays = null;
-
-            if(!empty($searchQuery['author']))
-                $userInfo = $searchQuery['author'];
-
-            if(!empty($searchQuery['after']))
-                $afterPostInfo = $searchQuery['after'];
-
-            $searchQuery = $searchQuery['query_string'];
-            $hasSearchQuery = !empty($searchQuery);
-        }
-
-        if($categoryInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
-            $categoryInfo = $categoryInfo->getId();
-        if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo)
-            $topicInfo = $topicInfo->getId();
-        if($userInfo instanceof UserInfo)
-            $userInfo = $userInfo->getId();
-        if($upToPostInfo instanceof ForumPostInfo)
-            $upToPostInfo = $upToPostInfo->getId();
-        if($afterPostInfo instanceof ForumPostInfo)
-            $afterPostInfo = $afterPostInfo->getId();
-
-        $hasCategoryInfo = $categoryInfo !== null;
-        $hasTopicInfo = $topicInfo !== null;
-        $hasUserInfo = $userInfo !== null;
-        $hasUpToPostInfo = $upToPostInfo !== null;
-        $hasAfterPostInfo = $afterPostInfo !== null;
-        $hasNewerThanDays = $newerThanDays !== null;
-        $hasDeleted = $deleted !== null;
-        $hasPagination = $pagination !== null;
-
-        $args = 0;
-        $query = 'SELECT post_id, topic_id, forum_id, user_id, INET6_NTOA(post_ip), post_text, post_parse, post_display_signature, UNIX_TIMESTAMP(post_created), UNIX_TIMESTAMP(post_edited), UNIX_TIMESTAMP(post_deleted) FROM msz_forum_posts';
-        if($hasCategoryInfo) {
-            ++$args;
-            if(is_array($categoryInfo))
-                $query .= sprintf(' WHERE forum_id IN (%s)', DbTools::prepareListString($categoryInfo));
-            else
-                $query .= ' WHERE forum_id = ?';
-        }
-        if($hasTopicInfo)
-            $query .= sprintf(' %s topic_id = ?', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE');
-        if($hasUserInfo)
-            $query .= sprintf(' %s user_id = ?', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE');
-        if($hasUpToPostInfo)
-            $query .= sprintf(' %s post_id < ?', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE');
-        if($hasAfterPostInfo)
-            $query .= sprintf(' %s post_id > ?', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE');
-        if($hasNewerThanDays)
-            $query .= sprintf(' %s post_created > NOW() - INTERVAL ? DAY', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE');
-        if($hasSearchQuery)
-            $query .= sprintf(' %s MATCH(post_text) AGAINST (? IN NATURAL LANGUAGE MODE)', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE');
-        if($hasDeleted)
-            $query .= sprintf(' %s post_deleted %s NULL', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE', $deleted ? 'IS NOT' : 'IS');
-        if($doSearchOrder) {
-            $query .= ' ORDER BY post_id ASC LIMIT 20';
-        } else {
-            $query .= ' ORDER BY post_id ASC';
-            if($hasPagination)
-                $query .= ' LIMIT ? OFFSET ?';
-        }
-
-        $args = 0;
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get($query);
-        if($hasCategoryInfo) {
-            if(is_array($categoryInfo)) {
-                foreach($categoryInfo as $categoryInfoEntry)
-                    $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $categoryInfoEntry instanceof ForumCategoryInfo ? $categoryInfoEntry->getId() : (string)$categoryInfoEntry);
-            } else
-                $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $categoryInfo);
-        }
-        if($hasTopicInfo)
-            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $topicInfo);
-        if($hasUserInfo)
-            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $userInfo);
-        if($hasUpToPostInfo)
-            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $upToPostInfo);
-        if($hasAfterPostInfo)
-            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $afterPostInfo);
-        if($hasNewerThanDays)
-            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $newerThanDays);
-        if($hasSearchQuery)
-            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $searchQuery);
-        if($hasPagination) {
-            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $pagination->getRange());
-            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $pagination->getOffset());
-        }
-        $stmt->execute();
-
-        $result = $stmt->getResult();
-        $posts = [];
-
-        while($result->next())
-            $posts[] = new ForumPostInfo($result);
-
-        return $posts;
-    }
-
-    public function getPost(
-        ?string $postId = null,
-        ForumTopicInfo|string|null $topicInfo = null,
-        ForumCategoryInfo|string|array|null $categoryInfos = null,
-        UserInfo|string|null $userInfo = null,
-        bool $getLast = false,
-        ?bool $deleted = null
-    ): ForumPostInfo {
-        $hasPostId = $postId !== null;
-        $hasTopicInfo = $topicInfo !== null;
-        $hasCategoryInfos = $categoryInfos !== null;
-        $hasUserInfo = $userInfo !== null;
-        $hasDeleted = $deleted !== null;
-
-        if(!$hasPostId && !$hasTopicInfo && !$hasCategoryInfos && !$hasUserInfo)
-            throw new InvalidArgumentException('At least one of the four first arguments must be specified.');
-
-        $values = [];
-        $query = 'SELECT post_id, topic_id, forum_id, user_id, INET6_NTOA(post_ip), post_text, post_parse, post_display_signature, UNIX_TIMESTAMP(post_created), UNIX_TIMESTAMP(post_edited), UNIX_TIMESTAMP(post_deleted) FROM msz_forum_posts';
-        if($hasPostId) {
-            $query .= ' WHERE post_id = ?';
-            $values[] = $postId;
-        } elseif($hasUserInfo) {
-            $query .= ' WHERE user_id = ?';
-            $values[] = $userInfo instanceof UserInfo ? $userInfo->getId() : $userInfo;
-            $query .= sprintf(' ORDER BY post_id %s', $getLast ? 'DESC' : 'ASC');
-        } elseif($hasTopicInfo) {
-            if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo)
-                $topicInfo = $topicInfo->getId();
-
-            $query .= sprintf(' WHERE post_id = (SELECT %s(post_id) FROM msz_forum_posts WHERE topic_id = ?', $getLast ? 'MAX' : 'MIN');
-            if($hasDeleted)
-                $query .= sprintf(' AND post_deleted %s NULL', $deleted ? 'IS NOT' : 'IS');
-            $query .= ')';
-
-            $values[] = $topicInfo;
-        } elseif($hasCategoryInfos) {
-            if(!is_array($categoryInfos))
-                $categoryInfos = [$categoryInfos];
-
-            $query .= sprintf(
-                ' WHERE post_id = (SELECT %s(post_id) FROM msz_forum_posts WHERE forum_id IN (%s)',
-                $getLast ? 'MAX' : 'MIN',
-                DbTools::prepareListString($categoryInfos)
-            );
-            if($hasDeleted)
-                $query .= sprintf(' AND post_deleted %s NULL', $deleted ? 'IS NOT' : 'IS');
-            $query .= ')';
-
-            foreach($categoryInfos as $categoryInfo) {
-                if($categoryInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
-                    $values[] = $categoryInfo->getId();
-                elseif(is_string($categoryInfo) || is_int($categoryInfo))
-                    $values[] = (string)$categoryInfo;
-                else
-                    throw new InvalidArgumentException('$categoryInfos contains an invalid item.');
-            }
-        }
-
-        $args = 0;
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get($query);
-        foreach($values as $value)
-            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $value);
-        $stmt->execute();
-
-        $result = $stmt->getResult();
-        if(!$result->next())
-            throw new RuntimeException('Forum post not found.');
-
-        return new ForumPostInfo($result);
-    }
-
-    public function createPost(
-        ForumTopicInfo|string $topicInfo,
-        UserInfo|string|null $userInfo,
-        IPAddress|string $remoteAddr,
-        string $body,
-        int $bodyParser,
-        bool $displaySignature,
-        ForumCategoryInfo|string|null $categoryInfo = null
-    ): ForumPostInfo {
-        if($categoryInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
-            $categoryInfo = $categoryInfo->getId();
-
-        if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo) {
-            $categoryInfo ??= $topicInfo->getCategoryId();
-            $topicInfo = $topicInfo->getId();
-        } elseif($categoryInfo === null)
-            throw new InvalidArgumentException('$categoryInfo may only be null if $topicInfo is an instance of ForumTopicInfo.');
-
-        if($userInfo instanceof UserInfo)
-            $userInfo = $userInfo->getId();
-
-        if($remoteAddr instanceof IPAddress)
-            $remoteAddr = (string)$remoteAddr;
-
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get('INSERT INTO msz_forum_posts (topic_id, forum_id, user_id, post_ip, post_text, post_parse, post_display_signature) VALUES (?, ?, ?, INET6_ATON(?), ?, ?, ?)');
-        $stmt->addParameter(1, $topicInfo);
-        $stmt->addParameter(2, $categoryInfo);
-        $stmt->addParameter(3, $userInfo);
-        $stmt->addParameter(4, $remoteAddr);
-        $stmt->addParameter(5, $body);
-        $stmt->addParameter(6, $bodyParser);
-        $stmt->addParameter(7, $displaySignature ? 1 : 0);
-        $stmt->execute();
-
-        return $this->getPost(postId: (string)$this->dbConn->getLastInsertId());
-    }
-
-    public function updatePost(
-        ForumPostInfo|string $postInfo,
-        IPAddress|string|null $remoteAddr = null,
-        ?string $body = null,
-        ?int $bodyParser = null,
-        ?bool $displaySignature = null,
-        bool $bumpEdited = true
-    ): void {
-        if($postInfo instanceof ForumPostInfo)
-            $postInfo = $postInfo->getId();
-
-        $fields = [];
-        $values = [];
-
-        if($remoteAddr !== null) {
-            if($remoteAddr instanceof IPAddress)
-                $remoteAddr = (string)$remoteAddr;
-
-            $fields[] = 'post_ip = INET6_ATON(?)';
-            $values[] = $remoteAddr;
-        }
-
-        if($body !== null) {
-            $fields[] = 'post_text = ?';
-            $values[] = $body;
-        }
-
-        if($bodyParser !== null) {
-            $fields[] = 'post_parse = ?';
-            $values[] = $bodyParser;
-        }
-
-        if($displaySignature !== null) {
-            $fields[] = 'post_display_signature = ?';
-            $values[] = $displaySignature ? 1 : 0;
-        }
-
-        if(empty($fields))
-            return;
-
-        if($bumpEdited)
-            $fields[] = 'post_edited = NOW()';
-
-        $args = 0;
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get(sprintf('UPDATE msz_forum_posts SET %s WHERE post_id = ?', implode(', ', $fields)));
-        foreach($values as $value)
-            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $value);
-        $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $postInfo);
-        $stmt->execute();
-    }
-
-    public function deletePost(ForumPostInfo|string $postInfo): void {
-        if($postInfo instanceof ForumPostInfo)
-            $postInfo = $postInfo->getId();
-
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get('UPDATE msz_forum_posts SET post_deleted = COALESCE(post_deleted, NOW()) WHERE post_id = ?');
-        $stmt->addParameter(1, $postInfo);
-        $stmt->execute();
-    }
-
-    public function restorePost(ForumPostInfo|string $postInfo): void {
-        if($postInfo instanceof ForumPostInfo)
-            $postInfo = $postInfo->getId();
-
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get('UPDATE msz_forum_posts SET post_deleted = NULL WHERE post_id = ?');
-        $stmt->addParameter(1, $postInfo);
-        $stmt->execute();
-    }
-
-    public function nukePost(ForumPostInfo|string $postInfo): void {
-        if($postInfo instanceof ForumPostInfo)
-            $postInfo = $postInfo->getId();
-
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get('DELETE FROM msz_forum_posts WHERE post_id = ?');
-        $stmt->addParameter(1, $postInfo);
-        $stmt->execute();
-    }
-
-    public function getUserLastPostCreatedTime(UserInfo|string $userInfo): int {
-        if($userInfo instanceof UserInfo)
-            $userInfo = $userInfo->getId();
-
-        // intentionally including deleted posts
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get('SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP(MAX(post_created)) FROM msz_forum_posts WHERE user_id = ?');
-        $stmt->addParameter(1, $userInfo);
-        $stmt->execute();
-
-        $result = $stmt->getResult();
-        if(!$result->next())
-            return 0;
-
-        return $result->getInteger(0);
-    }
-
-    public function getUserLastPostCreatedAt(UserInfo|string $userInfo): DateTime {
-        return DateTime::fromUnixTimeSeconds($this->getUserLastPostCreatedTime($userInfo));
-    }
-
-    public function generatePostRankings(
-        int $year = 0,
-        int $month = 0,
-        array $exceptCategoryInfos = [],
-        array $exceptTopicInfos = []
-    ): array {
-        $hasYear = $year > 0;
-        $hasMonth = $hasYear && $month > 0;
-        $hasExcludedCategoryInfos = !empty($exceptCategoryInfos);
-        $hasExcludedTopicInfos = !empty($exceptTopicInfos);
-
-        $query = 'SELECT user_id, COUNT(*) AS posts_count FROM msz_forum_posts WHERE post_deleted IS NULL';
-        if($hasYear)
-            $query .= sprintf(
-                ' AND DATE(post_created) BETWEEN "%1$04d-%2$02d-01" AND "%1$04d-%3$02d-31"',
-                $year,
-                $hasMonth ? $month : 1,
-                $hasMonth ? $month : 12
-            );
-        if($hasExcludedCategoryInfos)
-            $query .= sprintf(' AND forum_id NOT IN (%s)', DbTools::prepareListString($exceptCategoryInfos));
-        if($hasExcludedTopicInfos)
-            $query .= sprintf(' AND topic_id NOT IN (%s)', DbTools::prepareListString($exceptTopicInfos));
-        $query .= ' GROUP BY user_id HAVING posts_count > 0 ORDER BY posts_count DESC';
-
-        $args = 0;
-        $stmt = $this->cache->get($query);
-        foreach($exceptCategoryInfos as $exceptCategoryInfo)
-            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $exceptCategoryInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo ? $exceptCategoryInfo->getId() : $exceptCategoryInfo);
-        foreach($exceptTopicInfos as $exceptTopicInfo)
-            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $exceptTopicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo ? $exceptTopicInfo->getId() : $exceptTopicInfo);
-        $stmt->execute();
-
-        $result = $stmt->getResult();
-        $rankings = [];
-        $rankNo = 0;
-        $lastPostsCount = PHP_INT_MAX;
-
-        while($result->next()) {
-            $rankings[] = $ranking = new stdClass;
-            $ranking->userId = $result->getString(0);
-            $ranking->postsCount = $result->getInteger(1);
-
-            if($lastPostsCount > $ranking->postsCount) {
-                ++$rankNo;
-                $lastPostsCount = $ranking->postsCount;
-            }
-
-            $ranking->position = $rankNo;
-        }
-
-        return $rankings;
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/Forum/ForumCategories.php b/src/Forum/ForumCategories.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c18c624
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Forum/ForumCategories.php
@@ -0,0 +1,507 @@
+<?php
+namespace Misuzu\Forum;
+
+use InvalidArgumentException;
+use RuntimeException;
+use stdClass;
+use Index\Colour\Colour;
+use Index\Data\DbStatementCache;
+use Index\Data\DbTools;
+use Index\Data\IDbConnection;
+use Misuzu\Pagination;
+use Misuzu\Users\UserInfo;
+
+class ForumCategories {
+    private IDbConnection $dbConn;
+    private DbStatementCache $cache;
+
+    public function __construct(IDbConnection $dbConn) {
+        $this->dbConn = $dbConn;
+        $this->cache = new DbStatementCache($dbConn);
+    }
+
+    public static function convertCategoryListToTree(
+        array $catInfos,
+        ForumCategoryInfo|string|null $parentInfo = null,
+        ?Colour $colour = null
+    ): array {
+        $colour ??= Colour::none();
+        $tree = [];
+        $predicate = $parentInfo
+            ? fn($catInfo) => $catInfo->isDirectChildOf($parentInfo)
+            : fn($catInfo) => !$catInfo->hasParent();
+
+        foreach($catInfos as $catInfo) {
+            if(!$predicate($catInfo))
+                continue;
+
+            $tree[$catInfo->getId()] = $item = new stdClass;
+            $item->info = $catInfo;
+            $item->colour = $catInfo->hasColour() ? $catInfo->getColour() : $colour;
+            $item->children = self::convertCategoryListToTree($catInfos, $catInfo, $item->colour);
+            $item->childIds = [];
+            foreach($item->children as $child) {
+                $item->childIds[] = $child->info->getId();
+                $item->childIds += $child->childIds;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $tree;
+    }
+
+    public function countCategories(
+        ForumCategoryInfo|string|null|false $parentInfo = false,
+        string|int|null $type = null,
+        ?bool $hidden = null
+    ): int {
+        if($parentInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
+            $parentInfo = $parentInfo->getId();
+
+        $isRootParent = false;
+        $hasParentInfo = $parentInfo !== false;
+        $hasType = $type !== null;
+        $hasHidden = $hidden !== null;
+
+        $args = 0;
+        $query = 'SELECT COUNT(*) FROM msz_forum_categories';
+        if($hasParentInfo) {
+            ++$args;
+            $isRootParent = $parentInfo === null;
+            if($isRootParent) { // make a migration that makes the field DEFAULT NULL and update all 0s to NULL
+                $query .= 'WHERE (forum_parent IS NULL OR forum_parent = 0)';
+            } else {
+                $query .= 'WHERE forum_parent = ?';
+            }
+        }
+        if($hasType) {
+            if(is_string($type)) {
+                if(!array_key_exists($type, ForumCategoryInfo::TYPE_ALIASES))
+                    throw new InvalidArgumentException('$type is not a valid alias.');
+                $type = ForumCategoryInfo::TYPE_ALIASES[$type];
+            }
+
+            $query .= sprintf(' %s forum_type = ?', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE');
+        }
+        if($hasHidden)
+            $query .= sprintf(' %s forum_hidden %s 0', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE', $hidden ? '<>' : '=');
+
+        $args = 0;
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get($query);
+        if($hasParentInfo && !$isRootParent)
+            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $parentInfo);
+        if($hasType)
+            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $type);
+        $stmt->execute();
+
+        $result = $stmt->getResult();
+        return $result->next() ? $result->getInteger(0) : 0;
+    }
+
+    public function getCategories(
+        ForumCategoryInfo|string|null|false $parentInfo = false,
+        string|int|null $type = null,
+        ?bool $hidden = null,
+        bool $asTree = false,
+        ?Pagination $pagination = null
+    ): array {
+        $isRootParent = false;
+        $hasParentInfo = $parentInfo !== false;
+        $hasType = $type !== null;
+        $hasHidden = $hidden !== null;
+        $hasPagination = $pagination !== null;
+
+        if($hasParentInfo && $asTree)
+            throw new InvalidArgumentException('$asTree can only be used with $parentInfo set to false.');
+
+        $args = 0;
+        $query = 'SELECT forum_id, forum_order, forum_parent, forum_name, forum_type, forum_description, forum_icon, forum_colour, forum_link, forum_link_clicks, UNIX_TIMESTAMP(forum_created), forum_archived, forum_hidden, forum_count_topics, forum_count_posts FROM msz_forum_categories';
+        if($hasParentInfo) {
+            ++$args;
+            $isRootParent = $parentInfo === null;
+            if($isRootParent) { // make a migration that makes the field DEFAULT NULL and update all 0s to NULL
+                $query .= ' WHERE (forum_parent IS NULL OR forum_parent = 0)';
+            } else {
+                $query .= ' WHERE forum_parent = ?';
+            }
+        }
+        if($hasType) {
+            if(is_string($type)) {
+                if(!array_key_exists($type, ForumCategoryInfo::TYPE_ALIASES))
+                    throw new InvalidArgumentException('$type is not a valid alias.');
+                $type = ForumCategoryInfo::TYPE_ALIASES[$type];
+            }
+
+            $query .= sprintf(' %s forum_type = ?', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE');
+        }
+        if($hasHidden)
+            $query .= sprintf(' %s forum_hidden %s 0', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE', $hidden ? '<>' : '=');
+        $query .= ' ORDER BY forum_parent, forum_type <> 1, forum_order';
+        if($hasPagination)
+            $query .= ' LIMIT ? OFFSET ?';
+
+        $args = 0;
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get($query);
+        if($hasParentInfo && !$isRootParent) {
+            if($parentInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
+                $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $parentInfo->getId());
+            else
+                $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $parentInfo);
+        }
+        if($hasType)
+            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $type);
+        if($hasPagination) {
+            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $pagination->getRange());
+            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $pagination->getOffset());
+        }
+        $stmt->execute();
+
+        $result = $stmt->getResult();
+        $cats = [];
+
+        while($result->next())
+            $cats[] = new ForumCategoryInfo($result);
+
+        if($asTree)
+            $cats = self::convertCategoryListToTree($cats);
+
+        return $cats;
+    }
+
+    public function getCategory(
+        ?string $categoryId = null,
+        ForumTopicInfo|string|null $topicInfo = null,
+        ForumPostInfo|string|null $postInfo = null
+    ): ForumCategoryInfo {
+        $hasCategoryId = $categoryId !== null;
+        $hasTopicInfo = $topicInfo !== null;
+        $hasPostInfo = $postInfo !== null;
+
+        if(!$hasCategoryId && !$hasTopicInfo && !$hasPostInfo)
+            throw new InvalidArgumentException('You must specify an argument.');
+        if(($hasCategoryId && ($hasTopicInfo || $hasPostInfo))
+            || ($hasTopicInfo && ($hasCategoryId || $hasPostInfo))
+            || ($hasPostInfo && ($hasCategoryId || $hasTopicInfo)))
+            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Only one argument may be specified.');
+
+        $value = null;
+        $query = 'SELECT forum_id, forum_order, forum_parent, forum_name, forum_type, forum_description, forum_icon, forum_colour, forum_link, forum_link_clicks, UNIX_TIMESTAMP(forum_created), forum_archived, forum_hidden, forum_count_topics, forum_count_posts FROM msz_forum_categories';
+        if($hasCategoryId) {
+            $query .= ' WHERE forum_id = ?';
+            $value = $categoryId;
+        }
+        if($hasTopicInfo) {
+            if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo) {
+                $query .= ' WHERE forum_id = ?';
+                $value = $topicInfo->getCategoryId();
+            } else {
+                $query .= ' WHERE forum_id = (SELECT forum_id FROM msz_forum_topics WHERE topic_id = ?)';
+                $value = $topicInfo;
+            }
+        }
+        if($hasPostInfo) {
+            if($postInfo instanceof ForumPostInfo) {
+                $query .= ' WHERE forum_id = ?';
+                $value = $postInfo->getCategoryId();
+            } else {
+                $query .= ' WHERE forum_id = (SELECT forum_id FROM msz_forum_posts WHERE post_id = ?)';
+                $value = $postInfo;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get($query);
+        $stmt->addParameter(1, $value);
+        $stmt->execute();
+
+        $result = $stmt->getResult();
+        if(!$result->next())
+            throw new RuntimeException('Forum category info not found.');
+
+        return new ForumCategoryInfo($result);
+    }
+
+    public function updateCategory(
+        ForumCategoryInfo|string $categoryInfo
+    ): void {
+        if($categoryInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
+            $categoryInfo = $categoryInfo->getId();
+    }
+
+    public function deleteCategory(ForumCategoryInfo|string $categoryInfo): void {
+        if($categoryInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
+            $categoryInfo = $categoryInfo->getId();
+    }
+
+    public function incrementCategoryClicks(ForumCategoryInfo|string $categoryInfo): void {
+        if($categoryInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
+            $categoryInfo = $categoryInfo->getId();
+
+        // previous implementation also WHERE'd for forum_type = link but i don't think there's any other way to get here anyhow
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get('UPDATE msz_forum_categories SET forum_link_clicks = forum_link_clicks + 1 WHERE forum_id = ? AND forum_link_clicks IS NOT NULL');
+        $stmt->addParameter(1, $categoryInfo);
+        $stmt->execute();
+    }
+
+    public function incrementCategoryTopics(ForumCategoryInfo|string $categoryInfo): void {
+        if($categoryInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
+            $categoryInfo = $categoryInfo->getId();
+
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get('UPDATE msz_forum_categories SET forum_count_topics = forum_count_topics + 1 WHERE forum_id = ?');
+        $stmt->addParameter(1, $categoryInfo);
+        $stmt->execute();
+    }
+
+    public function incrementCategoryPosts(ForumCategoryInfo|string $categoryInfo): void {
+        if($categoryInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
+            $categoryInfo = $categoryInfo->getId();
+
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get('UPDATE msz_forum_categories SET forum_count_posts = forum_count_posts + 1 WHERE forum_id = ?');
+        $stmt->addParameter(1, $categoryInfo);
+        $stmt->execute();
+    }
+
+    public function getCategoryAncestry(
+        ForumCategoryInfo|ForumTopicInfo|ForumPostInfo|string $categoryInfo
+    ): array {
+        if($categoryInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
+            $categoryInfo = $categoryInfo->getId();
+        elseif($categoryInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo || $categoryInfo instanceof ForumPostInfo)
+            $categoryInfo = $categoryInfo->getCategoryId();
+
+        $query = 'WITH RECURSIVE msz_cte_ancestry AS ('
+            . 'SELECT forum_id, forum_order, forum_parent, forum_name, forum_type, forum_description, forum_icon, forum_colour, forum_link, forum_link_clicks, UNIX_TIMESTAMP(forum_created), forum_archived, forum_hidden, forum_count_topics, forum_count_posts FROM msz_forum_categories WHERE forum_id = ?'
+            . ' UNION ALL'
+            . ' SELECT fc.forum_id, fc.forum_order, fc.forum_parent, fc.forum_name, fc.forum_type, fc.forum_description, fc.forum_icon, fc.forum_colour, fc.forum_link, fc.forum_link_clicks, UNIX_TIMESTAMP(fc.forum_created), fc.forum_archived, fc.forum_hidden, fc.forum_count_topics, fc.forum_count_posts FROM msz_forum_categories AS fc JOIN msz_cte_ancestry AS ca ON fc.forum_id = ca.forum_parent'
+            . ') SELECT * FROM msz_cte_ancestry';
+
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get($query);
+        $stmt->addParameter(1, $categoryInfo);
+        $stmt->execute();
+
+        $result = $stmt->getResult();
+        $cats = [];
+
+        while($result->next())
+            $cats[] = new ForumCategoryInfo($result);
+
+        return $cats;
+    }
+
+    public function getCategoryChildren(
+        ForumCategoryInfo|string $parentInfo,
+        bool $includeSelf = false,
+        ?bool $hidden = null,
+        bool $asTree = false
+    ): array {
+        if($parentInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
+            $parentInfo = $parentInfo->getId();
+
+        $hasHidden = $hidden !== null;
+
+        $query = 'WITH RECURSIVE msz_cte_children AS ('
+            . 'SELECT forum_id, forum_order, forum_parent, forum_name, forum_type, forum_description, forum_icon, forum_colour, forum_link, forum_link_clicks, UNIX_TIMESTAMP(forum_created), forum_archived, forum_hidden, forum_count_topics, forum_count_posts FROM msz_forum_categories WHERE forum_id = ?'
+            . ' UNION ALL'
+            . ' SELECT fc.forum_id, fc.forum_order, fc.forum_parent, fc.forum_name, fc.forum_type, fc.forum_description, fc.forum_icon, fc.forum_colour, fc.forum_link, fc.forum_link_clicks, UNIX_TIMESTAMP(fc.forum_created), fc.forum_archived, fc.forum_hidden, fc.forum_count_topics, fc.forum_count_posts FROM msz_forum_categories AS fc JOIN msz_cte_children AS cc ON fc.forum_parent = cc.forum_id'
+            . ') SELECT * FROM msz_cte_children';
+
+        $args = 0;
+        if(!$includeSelf) {
+            ++$args;
+            $query .= ' WHERE forum_id <> ?';
+        }
+        if($hasHidden)
+            $query .= sprintf(' %s forum_hidden %s 0', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE', $hidden ? '<>' : '=');
+        $query .= ' ORDER BY forum_parent, forum_order';
+
+        $args = 0;
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get($query);
+        $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $parentInfo);
+        if(!$includeSelf)
+            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $parentInfo);
+        $stmt->execute();
+
+        $result = $stmt->getResult();
+        $cats = [];
+
+        while($result->next())
+            $cats[] = new ForumCategoryInfo($result);
+
+        if($asTree)
+            $cats = self::convertCategoryListToTree($cats, $parentInfo);
+
+        return $cats;
+    }
+
+    public function checkCategoryUnread(
+        ForumCategoryInfo|string|array $categoryInfos,
+        UserInfo|string|null $userInfo
+    ): bool {
+        if($userInfo === null)
+            return false;
+
+        if(!is_array($categoryInfos))
+            $categoryInfos = [$categoryInfos];
+        if($userInfo instanceof UserInfo)
+            $userInfo = $userInfo->getId();
+
+        $args = 0;
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get(sprintf(
+            'SELECT COUNT(*) FROM msz_forum_topics AS ft LEFT JOIN msz_forum_topics_track AS ftt ON ftt.topic_id = ft.topic_id AND ftt.user_id = ? WHERE ft.forum_id IN (%s) AND ft.topic_deleted IS NULL AND ft.topic_bumped >= NOW() - INTERVAL 1 MONTH AND (ftt.track_last_read IS NULL OR ftt.track_last_read < ft.topic_bumped)',
+            DbTools::prepareListString($categoryInfos)
+        ));
+        $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $userInfo);
+        foreach($categoryInfos as $categoryInfo) {
+            if($categoryInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
+                $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $categoryInfo->getId());
+            elseif(is_string($categoryInfo) || is_int($categoryInfo))
+                $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $categoryInfo);
+            else
+                throw new InvalidArgumentException('Invalid item in $categoryInfos.');
+        }
+        $stmt->execute();
+
+        $result = $stmt->getResult();
+        return $result->next() && $result->getInteger(0) > 0;
+    }
+
+    public function updateUserReadCategory(
+        UserInfo|string|null $userInfo,
+        ForumCategoryInfo|string $categoryInfo
+    ): void {
+        if($userInfo === null)
+            return;
+
+        if($userInfo instanceof UserInfo)
+            $userInfo = $userInfo->getId();
+        if($categoryInfo instanceof $categoryInfo)
+            $categoryInfo = $categoryInfo->getId();
+
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get('REPLACE INTO msz_forum_topics_track (user_id, topic_id, forum_id, track_last_read) SELECT ?, topic_id, forum_id, NOW() FROM msz_forum_topics WHERE forum_id = ? AND topic_bumped >= NOW() - INTERVAL 1 MONTH');
+        $stmt->addParameter(1, $userInfo);
+        $stmt->addParameter(2, $categoryInfo);
+        $stmt->execute();
+    }
+
+    public function getCategoryColour(
+        ForumCategoryInfo|ForumTopicInfo|ForumPostInfo|string $categoryInfo
+    ): Colour {
+        if($categoryInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
+            $categoryInfo = $categoryInfo->getId();
+        elseif($categoryInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo || $categoryInfo instanceof ForumPostInfo)
+            $categoryInfo = $categoryInfo->getCategoryId();
+
+        $query = 'WITH RECURSIVE msz_cte_colours AS ('
+            . 'SELECT forum_id, forum_parent, forum_colour FROM msz_forum_categories WHERE forum_id = ?'
+            . ' UNION ALL'
+            . ' SELECT fc.forum_id, fc.forum_parent, fc.forum_colour FROM msz_forum_categories AS fc JOIN msz_cte_colours AS cc ON fc.forum_id = cc.forum_parent'
+            . ') SELECT forum_colour FROM msz_cte_colours WHERE forum_colour IS NOT NULL';
+
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get($query);
+        $stmt->addParameter(1, $categoryInfo);
+        $stmt->execute();
+
+        $result = $stmt->getResult();
+        return $result->next() ? Colour::fromMisuzu($result->getInteger(0)) : Colour::none();
+    }
+
+    public function getMostActiveCategoryInfo(
+        UserInfo|string $userInfo,
+        array $exceptCategoryInfos = [],
+        array $exceptTopicInfos = [],
+        ?bool $deleted = null
+    ): object {
+        if($userInfo instanceof UserInfo)
+            $userInfo = $userInfo->getId();
+
+        $hasExceptCategoryInfos = !empty($exceptCategoryInfos);
+        $hasExceptTopicInfos = !empty($exceptTopicInfos);
+        $hasDeleted = $deleted !== null;
+
+        $query = 'SELECT forum_id, COUNT(*) AS post_count FROM msz_forum_posts WHERE user_id = ?';
+        if($hasDeleted)
+            $query .= sprintf(' AND post_deleted %s NULL', $deleted ? 'IS NOT' : 'IS');
+        if($hasExceptCategoryInfos)
+            $query .= sprintf(' AND forum_id NOT IN (%s)', DbTools::prepareListString($exceptCategoryInfos));
+        if($hasExceptTopicInfos)
+            $query .= sprintf(' AND topic_id NOT IN (%s)', DbTools::prepareListString($exceptTopicInfos));
+        $query .= ' GROUP BY forum_id ORDER BY post_count DESC LIMIT 1';
+
+        $args = 0;
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get($query);
+        $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $userInfo);
+        foreach($exceptCategoryInfos as $categoryInfo) {
+            if($categoryInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
+                $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $categoryInfo->getId());
+            elseif(is_string($categoryInfo) || is_int($categoryInfo))
+                $stmt->addParameter(++$args, (string)$categoryInfo);
+            else
+                throw new InvalidArgumentException('$exceptCategoryInfos may only contain string ids or instances of ForumCategoryInfo.');
+        }
+        foreach($exceptTopicInfos as $topicInfo) {
+            if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo)
+                $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $topicInfo->getId());
+            elseif(is_string($topicInfo) || is_int($topicInfo))
+                $stmt->addParameter(++$args, (string)$topicInfo);
+            else
+                throw new InvalidArgumentException('$exceptTopicInfos may only contain string ids or instances of ForumTopicInfo.');
+        }
+        $stmt->execute();
+
+        $result = $stmt->getResult();
+        $info = new stdClass;
+        $info->success = $result->next();
+        if($info->success) {
+            $info->categoryId = $result->getString(0);
+            $info->postCount = $result->getInteger(1);
+        }
+
+        return $info;
+    }
+
+    public function syncForumCounters(
+        ForumCategoryInfo|string|null $categoryInfo = null,
+        bool $updateCounters = true
+    ): object {
+        if($categoryInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
+            $categoryInfo = $categoryInfo->getId();
+        elseif($categoryInfo === null)
+            $categoryInfo = '0';
+
+        $counters = new stdClass;
+
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get('SELECT ? AS target_category_id, (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM msz_forum_topics WHERE forum_id = target_category_id AND topic_deleted IS NULL) AS count_topics, (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM msz_forum_posts WHERE forum_id = target_category_id AND post_deleted IS NULL) AS count_posts');
+        $stmt->addParameter(1, $categoryInfo);
+        $stmt->execute();
+
+        $result = $stmt->getResult();
+        if(!$result->next())
+            throw new RuntimeException('Failed to fetch forum category counters.');
+
+        $counters->topics = $result->getInteger(1);
+        $counters->posts = $result->getInteger(2);
+
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get('SELECT forum_id FROM msz_forum_categories WHERE forum_parent = ?');
+        $stmt->addParameter(1, $categoryInfo);
+        $stmt->execute();
+
+        $children = [];
+        $result = $stmt->getResult();
+        while($result->next())
+            $children[] = $result->getString(0);
+
+        foreach($children as $childId) {
+            $childCounters = $this->syncForumCounters($childId, $updateCounters);
+            $counters->topics += $childCounters->topics;
+            $counters->posts += $childCounters->posts;
+        }
+
+        if($updateCounters && $categoryInfo !== '0') {
+            $stmt = $this->cache->get('UPDATE msz_forum_categories SET forum_count_topics = ?, forum_count_posts = ? WHERE forum_id = ?');
+            $stmt->addParameter(1, $counters->topics);
+            $stmt->addParameter(2, $counters->posts);
+            $stmt->addParameter(3, $categoryInfo);
+            $stmt->execute();
+        }
+
+        return $counters;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Forum/ForumContext.php b/src/Forum/ForumContext.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1427248
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Forum/ForumContext.php
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+<?php
+namespace Misuzu\Forum;
+
+use stdClass;
+use Index\Data\IDbConnection;
+use Misuzu\Users\UserInfo;
+
+class ForumContext {
+    private ForumCategories $categories;
+    private ForumTopics $topics;
+    private ForumTopicRedirects $topicRedirects;
+    private ForumPosts $posts;
+
+    private array $totalUserTopics = [];
+    private array $totalUserPosts = [];
+
+    public function __construct(IDbConnection $dbConn) {
+        $this->categories = new ForumCategories($dbConn);
+        $this->topics = new ForumTopics($dbConn);
+        $this->topicRedirects = new ForumTopicRedirects($dbConn);
+        $this->posts = new ForumPosts($dbConn);
+    }
+
+    public function getCategories(): ForumCategories {
+        return $this->categories;
+    }
+
+    public function getTopics(): ForumTopics {
+        return $this->topics;
+    }
+
+    public function getTopicRedirects(): ForumTopicRedirects {
+        return $this->topicRedirects;
+    }
+
+    public function getPosts(): ForumPosts {
+        return $this->posts;
+    }
+
+    // should be replaced by a static counter
+    public function countTotalUserTopics(UserInfo|string|null $userInfo): int {
+        if($userInfo === null)
+            return 0;
+
+        $userId = $userInfo instanceof UserInfo ? $userInfo->getId() : $userInfo;
+        if(array_key_exists($userId, $this->totalUserTopics))
+            return $this->totalUserTopics[$userId];
+
+        return $this->totalUserTopics[$userId] = $this->topics->countTopics(userInfo: $userInfo, deleted: false);
+    }
+
+    // should be replaced by a static counter
+    public function countTotalUserPosts(UserInfo|string|null $userInfo): int {
+        if($userInfo === null)
+            return 0;
+
+        $userId = $userInfo instanceof UserInfo ? $userInfo->getId() : $userInfo;
+        if(array_key_exists($userId, $this->totalUserPosts))
+            return $this->totalUserPosts[$userId];
+
+        return $this->totalUserPosts[$userId] = $this->posts->countPosts(userInfo: $userInfo, deleted: false);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Forum/ForumPosts.php b/src/Forum/ForumPosts.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5040acd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Forum/ForumPosts.php
@@ -0,0 +1,461 @@
+<?php
+namespace Misuzu\Forum;
+
+use InvalidArgumentException;
+use RuntimeException;
+use stdClass;
+use Index\DateTime;
+use Index\Data\DbStatementCache;
+use Index\Data\DbTools;
+use Index\Data\IDbConnection;
+use Index\Net\IPAddress;
+use Misuzu\Pagination;
+use Misuzu\Users\UserInfo;
+
+class ForumPosts {
+    private IDbConnection $dbConn;
+    private DbStatementCache $cache;
+
+    public function __construct(IDbConnection $dbConn) {
+        $this->dbConn = $dbConn;
+        $this->cache = new DbStatementCache($dbConn);
+    }
+
+    public function countPosts(
+        ForumCategoryInfo|string|null $categoryInfo = null,
+        ForumTopicInfo|string|null $topicInfo = null,
+        UserInfo|string|null $userInfo = null,
+        ForumPostInfo|string|null $upToPostInfo = null,
+        ?bool $deleted = null
+    ): int {
+        if($categoryInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
+            $categoryInfo = $categoryInfo->getId();
+        if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo)
+            $topicInfo = $topicInfo->getId();
+        if($userInfo instanceof UserInfo)
+            $userInfo = $userInfo->getId();
+        if($upToPostInfo instanceof ForumPostInfo)
+            $upToPostInfo = $upToPostInfo->getId();
+
+        $hasCategoryInfo = $categoryInfo !== null;
+        $hasTopicInfo = $topicInfo !== null;
+        $hasUserInfo = $userInfo !== null;
+        $hasUpToPostInfo = $upToPostInfo !== null;
+        $hasDeleted = $deleted !== null;
+
+        $args = 0;
+        $query = 'SELECT COUNT(*) FROM msz_forum_posts';
+        if($hasCategoryInfo) {
+            ++$args;
+            $query .= ' WHERE forum_id = ?';
+        }
+        if($hasTopicInfo)
+            $query .= sprintf(' %s topic_id = ?', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE');
+        if($hasUserInfo)
+            $query .= sprintf(' %s user_id = ?', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE');
+        if($hasUpToPostInfo)
+            $query .= sprintf(' %s post_id < ?', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE');
+        if($hasDeleted)
+            $query .= sprintf(' %s post_deleted %s NULL', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE', $deleted ? 'IS NOT' : 'IS');
+
+        $args = 0;
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get($query);
+        if($hasCategoryInfo)
+            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $categoryInfo);
+        if($hasTopicInfo)
+            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $topicInfo);
+        if($hasUserInfo)
+            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $userInfo);
+        if($hasUpToPostInfo)
+            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $upToPostInfo);
+        $stmt->execute();
+
+        $result = $stmt->getResult();
+        return $result->next() ? $result->getInteger(0) : 0;
+    }
+
+    public function getPosts(
+        ForumCategoryInfo|string|array|null $categoryInfo = null,
+        ForumTopicInfo|string|null $topicInfo = null,
+        UserInfo|string|null $userInfo = null,
+        ForumPostInfo|string|null $upToPostInfo = null,
+        ForumPostInfo|string|null $afterPostInfo = null,
+        ?int $newerThanDays = null,
+        ?array $searchQuery = null,
+        ?bool $deleted = null,
+        ?Pagination $pagination = null
+    ): array {
+        // remove this hack when search server
+        $hasSearchQuery = $searchQuery !== null;
+        $doSearchOrder = false;
+        if($hasSearchQuery) {
+            if(!empty($searchQuery['type'])
+                && $searchQuery['type'] !== 'forum'
+                && $searchQuery['type'] !== 'forum:post')
+                return [];
+
+            $userInfo = null;
+            $deleted = false;
+            $pagination = null;
+            $doSearchOrder = true;
+            $afterPostInfo = null;
+            $newerThanDays = null;
+
+            if(!empty($searchQuery['author']))
+                $userInfo = $searchQuery['author'];
+
+            if(!empty($searchQuery['after']))
+                $afterPostInfo = $searchQuery['after'];
+
+            $searchQuery = $searchQuery['query_string'];
+            $hasSearchQuery = !empty($searchQuery);
+        }
+
+        if($categoryInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
+            $categoryInfo = $categoryInfo->getId();
+        if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo)
+            $topicInfo = $topicInfo->getId();
+        if($userInfo instanceof UserInfo)
+            $userInfo = $userInfo->getId();
+        if($upToPostInfo instanceof ForumPostInfo)
+            $upToPostInfo = $upToPostInfo->getId();
+        if($afterPostInfo instanceof ForumPostInfo)
+            $afterPostInfo = $afterPostInfo->getId();
+
+        $hasCategoryInfo = $categoryInfo !== null;
+        $hasTopicInfo = $topicInfo !== null;
+        $hasUserInfo = $userInfo !== null;
+        $hasUpToPostInfo = $upToPostInfo !== null;
+        $hasAfterPostInfo = $afterPostInfo !== null;
+        $hasNewerThanDays = $newerThanDays !== null;
+        $hasDeleted = $deleted !== null;
+        $hasPagination = $pagination !== null;
+
+        $args = 0;
+        $query = 'SELECT post_id, topic_id, forum_id, user_id, INET6_NTOA(post_ip), post_text, post_parse, post_display_signature, UNIX_TIMESTAMP(post_created), UNIX_TIMESTAMP(post_edited), UNIX_TIMESTAMP(post_deleted) FROM msz_forum_posts';
+        if($hasCategoryInfo) {
+            ++$args;
+            if(is_array($categoryInfo))
+                $query .= sprintf(' WHERE forum_id IN (%s)', DbTools::prepareListString($categoryInfo));
+            else
+                $query .= ' WHERE forum_id = ?';
+        }
+        if($hasTopicInfo)
+            $query .= sprintf(' %s topic_id = ?', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE');
+        if($hasUserInfo)
+            $query .= sprintf(' %s user_id = ?', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE');
+        if($hasUpToPostInfo)
+            $query .= sprintf(' %s post_id < ?', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE');
+        if($hasAfterPostInfo)
+            $query .= sprintf(' %s post_id > ?', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE');
+        if($hasNewerThanDays)
+            $query .= sprintf(' %s post_created > NOW() - INTERVAL ? DAY', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE');
+        if($hasSearchQuery)
+            $query .= sprintf(' %s MATCH(post_text) AGAINST (? IN NATURAL LANGUAGE MODE)', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE');
+        if($hasDeleted)
+            $query .= sprintf(' %s post_deleted %s NULL', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE', $deleted ? 'IS NOT' : 'IS');
+        if($doSearchOrder) {
+            $query .= ' ORDER BY post_id ASC LIMIT 20';
+        } else {
+            $query .= ' ORDER BY post_id ASC';
+            if($hasPagination)
+                $query .= ' LIMIT ? OFFSET ?';
+        }
+
+        $args = 0;
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get($query);
+        if($hasCategoryInfo) {
+            if(is_array($categoryInfo)) {
+                foreach($categoryInfo as $categoryInfoEntry)
+                    $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $categoryInfoEntry instanceof ForumCategoryInfo ? $categoryInfoEntry->getId() : (string)$categoryInfoEntry);
+            } else
+                $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $categoryInfo);
+        }
+        if($hasTopicInfo)
+            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $topicInfo);
+        if($hasUserInfo)
+            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $userInfo);
+        if($hasUpToPostInfo)
+            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $upToPostInfo);
+        if($hasAfterPostInfo)
+            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $afterPostInfo);
+        if($hasNewerThanDays)
+            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $newerThanDays);
+        if($hasSearchQuery)
+            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $searchQuery);
+        if($hasPagination) {
+            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $pagination->getRange());
+            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $pagination->getOffset());
+        }
+        $stmt->execute();
+
+        $result = $stmt->getResult();
+        $posts = [];
+
+        while($result->next())
+            $posts[] = new ForumPostInfo($result);
+
+        return $posts;
+    }
+
+    public function getPost(
+        ?string $postId = null,
+        ForumTopicInfo|string|null $topicInfo = null,
+        ForumCategoryInfo|string|array|null $categoryInfos = null,
+        UserInfo|string|null $userInfo = null,
+        bool $getLast = false,
+        ?bool $deleted = null
+    ): ForumPostInfo {
+        $hasPostId = $postId !== null;
+        $hasTopicInfo = $topicInfo !== null;
+        $hasCategoryInfos = $categoryInfos !== null;
+        $hasUserInfo = $userInfo !== null;
+        $hasDeleted = $deleted !== null;
+
+        if(!$hasPostId && !$hasTopicInfo && !$hasCategoryInfos && !$hasUserInfo)
+            throw new InvalidArgumentException('At least one of the four first arguments must be specified.');
+
+        $values = [];
+        $query = 'SELECT post_id, topic_id, forum_id, user_id, INET6_NTOA(post_ip), post_text, post_parse, post_display_signature, UNIX_TIMESTAMP(post_created), UNIX_TIMESTAMP(post_edited), UNIX_TIMESTAMP(post_deleted) FROM msz_forum_posts';
+        if($hasPostId) {
+            $query .= ' WHERE post_id = ?';
+            $values[] = $postId;
+        } elseif($hasUserInfo) {
+            $query .= ' WHERE user_id = ?';
+            $values[] = $userInfo instanceof UserInfo ? $userInfo->getId() : $userInfo;
+            $query .= sprintf(' ORDER BY post_id %s', $getLast ? 'DESC' : 'ASC');
+        } elseif($hasTopicInfo) {
+            if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo)
+                $topicInfo = $topicInfo->getId();
+
+            $query .= sprintf(' WHERE post_id = (SELECT %s(post_id) FROM msz_forum_posts WHERE topic_id = ?', $getLast ? 'MAX' : 'MIN');
+            if($hasDeleted)
+                $query .= sprintf(' AND post_deleted %s NULL', $deleted ? 'IS NOT' : 'IS');
+            $query .= ')';
+
+            $values[] = $topicInfo;
+        } elseif($hasCategoryInfos) {
+            if(!is_array($categoryInfos))
+                $categoryInfos = [$categoryInfos];
+
+            $query .= sprintf(
+                ' WHERE post_id = (SELECT %s(post_id) FROM msz_forum_posts WHERE forum_id IN (%s)',
+                $getLast ? 'MAX' : 'MIN',
+                DbTools::prepareListString($categoryInfos)
+            );
+            if($hasDeleted)
+                $query .= sprintf(' AND post_deleted %s NULL', $deleted ? 'IS NOT' : 'IS');
+            $query .= ')';
+
+            foreach($categoryInfos as $categoryInfo) {
+                if($categoryInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
+                    $values[] = $categoryInfo->getId();
+                elseif(is_string($categoryInfo) || is_int($categoryInfo))
+                    $values[] = (string)$categoryInfo;
+                else
+                    throw new InvalidArgumentException('$categoryInfos contains an invalid item.');
+            }
+        }
+
+        $args = 0;
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get($query);
+        foreach($values as $value)
+            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $value);
+        $stmt->execute();
+
+        $result = $stmt->getResult();
+        if(!$result->next())
+            throw new RuntimeException('Forum post not found.');
+
+        return new ForumPostInfo($result);
+    }
+
+    public function createPost(
+        ForumTopicInfo|string $topicInfo,
+        UserInfo|string|null $userInfo,
+        IPAddress|string $remoteAddr,
+        string $body,
+        int $bodyParser,
+        bool $displaySignature,
+        ForumCategoryInfo|string|null $categoryInfo = null
+    ): ForumPostInfo {
+        if($categoryInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
+            $categoryInfo = $categoryInfo->getId();
+
+        if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo) {
+            $categoryInfo ??= $topicInfo->getCategoryId();
+            $topicInfo = $topicInfo->getId();
+        } elseif($categoryInfo === null)
+            throw new InvalidArgumentException('$categoryInfo may only be null if $topicInfo is an instance of ForumTopicInfo.');
+
+        if($userInfo instanceof UserInfo)
+            $userInfo = $userInfo->getId();
+
+        if($remoteAddr instanceof IPAddress)
+            $remoteAddr = (string)$remoteAddr;
+
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get('INSERT INTO msz_forum_posts (topic_id, forum_id, user_id, post_ip, post_text, post_parse, post_display_signature) VALUES (?, ?, ?, INET6_ATON(?), ?, ?, ?)');
+        $stmt->addParameter(1, $topicInfo);
+        $stmt->addParameter(2, $categoryInfo);
+        $stmt->addParameter(3, $userInfo);
+        $stmt->addParameter(4, $remoteAddr);
+        $stmt->addParameter(5, $body);
+        $stmt->addParameter(6, $bodyParser);
+        $stmt->addParameter(7, $displaySignature ? 1 : 0);
+        $stmt->execute();
+
+        return $this->getPost(postId: (string)$this->dbConn->getLastInsertId());
+    }
+
+    public function updatePost(
+        ForumPostInfo|string $postInfo,
+        IPAddress|string|null $remoteAddr = null,
+        ?string $body = null,
+        ?int $bodyParser = null,
+        ?bool $displaySignature = null,
+        bool $bumpEdited = true
+    ): void {
+        if($postInfo instanceof ForumPostInfo)
+            $postInfo = $postInfo->getId();
+
+        $fields = [];
+        $values = [];
+
+        if($remoteAddr !== null) {
+            if($remoteAddr instanceof IPAddress)
+                $remoteAddr = (string)$remoteAddr;
+
+            $fields[] = 'post_ip = INET6_ATON(?)';
+            $values[] = $remoteAddr;
+        }
+
+        if($body !== null) {
+            $fields[] = 'post_text = ?';
+            $values[] = $body;
+        }
+
+        if($bodyParser !== null) {
+            $fields[] = 'post_parse = ?';
+            $values[] = $bodyParser;
+        }
+
+        if($displaySignature !== null) {
+            $fields[] = 'post_display_signature = ?';
+            $values[] = $displaySignature ? 1 : 0;
+        }
+
+        if(empty($fields))
+            return;
+
+        if($bumpEdited)
+            $fields[] = 'post_edited = NOW()';
+
+        $args = 0;
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get(sprintf('UPDATE msz_forum_posts SET %s WHERE post_id = ?', implode(', ', $fields)));
+        foreach($values as $value)
+            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $value);
+        $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $postInfo);
+        $stmt->execute();
+    }
+
+    public function deletePost(ForumPostInfo|string $postInfo): void {
+        if($postInfo instanceof ForumPostInfo)
+            $postInfo = $postInfo->getId();
+
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get('UPDATE msz_forum_posts SET post_deleted = COALESCE(post_deleted, NOW()) WHERE post_id = ?');
+        $stmt->addParameter(1, $postInfo);
+        $stmt->execute();
+    }
+
+    public function restorePost(ForumPostInfo|string $postInfo): void {
+        if($postInfo instanceof ForumPostInfo)
+            $postInfo = $postInfo->getId();
+
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get('UPDATE msz_forum_posts SET post_deleted = NULL WHERE post_id = ?');
+        $stmt->addParameter(1, $postInfo);
+        $stmt->execute();
+    }
+
+    public function nukePost(ForumPostInfo|string $postInfo): void {
+        if($postInfo instanceof ForumPostInfo)
+            $postInfo = $postInfo->getId();
+
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get('DELETE FROM msz_forum_posts WHERE post_id = ?');
+        $stmt->addParameter(1, $postInfo);
+        $stmt->execute();
+    }
+
+    public function getUserLastPostCreatedTime(UserInfo|string $userInfo): int {
+        if($userInfo instanceof UserInfo)
+            $userInfo = $userInfo->getId();
+
+        // intentionally including deleted posts
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get('SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP(MAX(post_created)) FROM msz_forum_posts WHERE user_id = ?');
+        $stmt->addParameter(1, $userInfo);
+        $stmt->execute();
+
+        $result = $stmt->getResult();
+        if(!$result->next())
+            return 0;
+
+        return $result->getInteger(0);
+    }
+
+    public function getUserLastPostCreatedAt(UserInfo|string $userInfo): DateTime {
+        return DateTime::fromUnixTimeSeconds($this->getUserLastPostCreatedTime($userInfo));
+    }
+
+    public function generatePostRankings(
+        int $year = 0,
+        int $month = 0,
+        array $exceptCategoryInfos = [],
+        array $exceptTopicInfos = []
+    ): array {
+        $hasYear = $year > 0;
+        $hasMonth = $hasYear && $month > 0;
+        $hasExcludedCategoryInfos = !empty($exceptCategoryInfos);
+        $hasExcludedTopicInfos = !empty($exceptTopicInfos);
+
+        $query = 'SELECT user_id, COUNT(*) AS posts_count FROM msz_forum_posts WHERE post_deleted IS NULL';
+        if($hasYear)
+            $query .= sprintf(
+                ' AND DATE(post_created) BETWEEN "%1$04d-%2$02d-01" AND "%1$04d-%3$02d-31"',
+                $year,
+                $hasMonth ? $month : 1,
+                $hasMonth ? $month : 12
+            );
+        if($hasExcludedCategoryInfos)
+            $query .= sprintf(' AND forum_id NOT IN (%s)', DbTools::prepareListString($exceptCategoryInfos));
+        if($hasExcludedTopicInfos)
+            $query .= sprintf(' AND topic_id NOT IN (%s)', DbTools::prepareListString($exceptTopicInfos));
+        $query .= ' GROUP BY user_id HAVING posts_count > 0 ORDER BY posts_count DESC';
+
+        $args = 0;
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get($query);
+        foreach($exceptCategoryInfos as $exceptCategoryInfo)
+            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $exceptCategoryInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo ? $exceptCategoryInfo->getId() : $exceptCategoryInfo);
+        foreach($exceptTopicInfos as $exceptTopicInfo)
+            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $exceptTopicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo ? $exceptTopicInfo->getId() : $exceptTopicInfo);
+        $stmt->execute();
+
+        $result = $stmt->getResult();
+        $rankings = [];
+        $rankNo = 0;
+        $lastPostsCount = PHP_INT_MAX;
+
+        while($result->next()) {
+            $rankings[] = $ranking = new stdClass;
+            $ranking->userId = $result->getString(0);
+            $ranking->postsCount = $result->getInteger(1);
+
+            if($lastPostsCount > $ranking->postsCount) {
+                ++$rankNo;
+                $lastPostsCount = $ranking->postsCount;
+            }
+
+            $ranking->position = $rankNo;
+        }
+
+        return $rankings;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Forum/ForumTopicRedirects.php b/src/Forum/ForumTopicRedirects.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c76a642
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Forum/ForumTopicRedirects.php
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+<?php
+namespace Misuzu\Forum;
+
+use RuntimeException;
+use Index\Data\DbStatementCache;
+use Index\Data\IDbConnection;
+use Misuzu\Pagination;
+use Misuzu\Users\UserInfo;
+
+class ForumTopicRedirects {
+    private DbStatementCache $cache;
+
+    public function __construct(IDbConnection $dbConn) {
+        $this->cache = new DbStatementCache($dbConn);
+    }
+
+    public function countTopicRedirects(
+        UserInfo|string|null $userInfo = null
+    ): int {
+        if($userInfo instanceof UserInfo)
+            $userInfo = $userInfo->getId();
+
+        $hasUserInfo = $userInfo !== null;
+
+        $query = 'SELECT COUNT(*) FROM msz_forum_topics_redirects';
+        if($hasUserInfo)
+            $query .= ' WHERE user_id = ?';
+
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get($query);
+        if($hasUserInfo)
+            $stmt->addParameter(1, $userInfo);
+        $stmt->execute();
+
+        $result = $stmt->getResult();
+        return $result->next() ? $result->getInteger(0) : 0;
+    }
+
+    public function getTopicRedirects(
+        UserInfo|string|null $userInfo = null,
+        ?Pagination $pagination = null
+    ): array {
+        if($userInfo instanceof UserInfo)
+            $userInfo = $userInfo->getId();
+
+        $hasUserInfo = $userInfo !== null;
+        $hasPagination = $pagination !== null;
+
+        $query = 'SELECT topic_id, user_id, topic_redir_url, UNIX_TIMESTAMP(topic_redir_created) FROM msz_forum_topics_redirects';
+        if($hasUserInfo)
+            $query .= ' WHERE user_id = ?';
+        if($hasPagination)
+            $query .= ' LIMIT ? OFFSET ?';
+
+        $args = 0;
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get($query);
+        if($hasUserInfo)
+            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $userInfo);
+        if($hasPagination) {
+            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $pagination->getRange());
+            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $pagination->getOffset());
+        }
+        $stmt->execute();
+
+        $result = $stmt->getResult();
+        $redirs = [];
+
+        while($result->next())
+            $redirs[] = new ForumTopicRedirectInfo($result);
+
+        return $redirs;
+    }
+
+    public function hasTopicRedirect(ForumTopicInfo|string $topicInfo): bool {
+        if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo)
+            $topicInfo = $topicInfo->getId();
+
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM msz_forum_topics_redirects WHERE topic_id = ?');
+        $stmt->addParameter(1, $topicInfo);
+        $stmt->execute();
+
+        $result = $stmt->getResult();
+        if(!$result->next())
+            throw new RuntimeException('Was unable to check if a redirect exists.');
+
+        return $result->getInteger(0) > 0;
+    }
+
+    public function getTopicRedirect(ForumTopicInfo|string $topicInfo): ForumTopicRedirectInfo {
+        if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo)
+            $topicInfo = $topicInfo->getId();
+
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get('SELECT topic_id, user_id, topic_redir_url, UNIX_TIMESTAMP(topic_redir_created) FROM msz_forum_topics_redirects WHERE topic_id = ?');
+        $stmt->addParameter(1, $topicInfo);
+        $stmt->execute();
+
+        $result = $stmt->getResult();
+        if(!$result->next())
+            throw new RuntimeException('Could not find that forum topic redirect.');
+
+        return new ForumTopicRedirectInfo($result);
+    }
+
+    public function createTopicRedirect(
+        ForumTopicInfo|string $topicInfo,
+        UserInfo|string|null $userInfo,
+        string $linkTarget
+    ): ForumTopicRedirectInfo {
+        if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo)
+            $topicInfo = $topicInfo->getId();
+        if($userInfo instanceof UserInfo)
+            $userInfo = $userInfo->getId();
+
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get('INSERT INTO msz_forum_topics_redirects (topic_id, user_id, topic_redir_url) VALUES (?, ?, ?)');
+        $stmt->addParameter(1, $topicInfo);
+        $stmt->addParameter(2, $userInfo);
+        $stmt->addParameter(3, $linkTarget);
+        $stmt->execute();
+
+        return $this->getTopicRedirect($topicInfo);
+    }
+
+    public function deleteTopicRedirect(ForumTopicRedirectInfo|ForumTopicInfo|string $topicInfo): void {
+        if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicRedirectInfo)
+            $topicInfo = $topicInfo->getTopicId();
+        elseif($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo)
+            $topicInfo = $topicInfo->getId();
+
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get('DELETE FROM msz_forum_topics_redirects WHERE topic_id = ?');
+        $stmt->addParameter(1, $topicInfo);
+        $stmt->execute();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Forum/ForumTopics.php b/src/Forum/ForumTopics.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1859eeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Forum/ForumTopics.php
@@ -0,0 +1,529 @@
+<?php
+namespace Misuzu\Forum;
+
+use InvalidArgumentException;
+use RuntimeException;
+use stdClass;
+use Index\Data\DbStatementCache;
+use Index\Data\DbTools;
+use Index\Data\IDbConnection;
+use Misuzu\Pagination;
+use Misuzu\Users\UserInfo;
+
+class ForumTopics {
+    private IDbConnection $dbConn;
+    private DbStatementCache $cache;
+
+    public function __construct(IDbConnection $dbConn) {
+        $this->dbConn = $dbConn;
+        $this->cache = new DbStatementCache($dbConn);
+    }
+
+    public function countTopics(
+        ForumCategoryInfo|string|array|null $categoryInfo = null,
+        UserInfo|string|null $userInfo = null,
+        ?bool $global = null,
+        ?bool $deleted = null
+    ): int {
+        if($categoryInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
+            $categoryInfo = $categoryInfo->getId();
+        if($userInfo instanceof UserInfo)
+            $userInfo = $userInfo->getId();
+
+        $hasCategoryInfo = $categoryInfo !== null;
+        $hasUserInfo = $userInfo !== null;
+        $hasGlobal = $global !== null;
+        $hasDeleted = $deleted !== null;
+
+        $args = 0;
+        $query = 'SELECT COUNT(*) FROM msz_forum_topics';
+        if($hasCategoryInfo || $hasGlobal) {
+            ++$args;
+
+            // wow this sucks
+            $hasGlobalAndCategory = $hasCategoryInfo && $hasGlobal;
+            $query .= ' WHERE ';
+            if($hasGlobalAndCategory)
+                $query .= '(';
+
+            if($hasCategoryInfo) {
+                if(is_array($categoryInfo))
+                    $query .= sprintf('forum_id IN (%s)', DbTools::prepareListString($categoryInfo));
+                else
+                    $query .= 'forum_id = ?';
+            }
+
+            if($hasGlobalAndCategory)
+                $query .= ' OR ';
+
+            if($hasGlobal) // not sure why you would ever set this to false, but consistency!
+                $query .= sprintf('topic_type %s %d', $global ? '=' : '<>', ForumTopicInfo::TYPE_GLOBAL);
+
+            if($hasGlobalAndCategory)
+                $query .= ')';
+        }
+        if($hasUserInfo)
+            $query .= sprintf(' %s user_id = ?', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE');
+        if($hasDeleted)
+            $query .= sprintf(' %s topic_deleted %s NULL', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE', $deleted ? 'IS NOT' : 'IS');
+
+        $args = 0;
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get($query);
+        if($hasCategoryInfo) {
+            if(is_array($categoryInfo)) {
+                foreach($categoryInfo as $categoryInfoEntry)
+                    $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $categoryInfoEntry instanceof ForumCategoryInfo ? $categoryInfoEntry->getId() : (string)$categoryInfoEntry);
+            } else
+                $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $categoryInfo);
+        }
+        if($hasUserInfo)
+            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $userInfo);
+        $stmt->execute();
+
+        $result = $stmt->getResult();
+        return $result->next() ? $result->getInteger(0) : 0;
+    }
+
+    public function getTopics(
+        ForumCategoryInfo|string|array|null $categoryInfo = null,
+        UserInfo|string|null $userInfo = null,
+        ?array $searchQuery = null,
+        ?bool $global = null,
+        ?bool $deleted = null,
+        ?Pagination $pagination = null
+    ): array {
+        // remove this hack when search server
+        $hasSearchQuery = $searchQuery !== null;
+        $hasAfterTopicId = false;
+        $afterTopicId = null;
+        $doSearchOrder = false;
+        if($hasSearchQuery) {
+            if(!empty($searchQuery['type'])
+                && $searchQuery['type'] !== 'forum'
+                && $searchQuery['type'] !== 'forum:topic')
+                return [];
+
+            $deleted = false;
+            $pagination = null;
+            $doSearchOrder = true;
+
+            if(!empty($searchQuery['author']))
+                $userInfo = $searchQuery['author'];
+
+            if(!empty($searchQuery['after'])) {
+                $hasAfterTopicId = true;
+                $afterTopicId = $searchQuery['after'];
+            }
+
+            $searchQuery = $searchQuery['query_string'];
+            $hasSearchQuery = !empty($searchQuery);
+        }
+
+        if($categoryInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
+            $categoryInfo = $categoryInfo->getId();
+        if($userInfo instanceof UserInfo)
+            $userInfo = $userInfo->getId();
+
+        $hasCategoryInfo = $categoryInfo !== null;
+        $hasUserInfo = $userInfo !== null;
+        $hasGlobal = $global !== null;
+        $hasDeleted = $deleted !== null;
+        $hasPagination = $pagination !== null;
+
+        $args = 0;
+        $query = 'SELECT topic_id, forum_id, user_id, topic_type, topic_title, topic_count_views, UNIX_TIMESTAMP(topic_created), UNIX_TIMESTAMP(topic_bumped), UNIX_TIMESTAMP(topic_deleted), UNIX_TIMESTAMP(topic_locked), (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM msz_forum_posts WHERE topic_id = ft.topic_id AND post_deleted IS NULL) AS topic_count_posts, (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM msz_forum_posts WHERE topic_id = ft.topic_id AND post_deleted IS NOT NULL) AS topic_count_posts_deleted FROM msz_forum_topics AS ft';
+        if($hasCategoryInfo || $hasGlobal) {
+            ++$args;
+
+            // wow this sucks
+            $hasGlobalAndCategory = $hasCategoryInfo && $hasGlobal;
+            $query .= ' WHERE ';
+            if($hasGlobalAndCategory)
+                $query .= '(';
+
+            if($hasCategoryInfo) {
+                if(is_array($categoryInfo))
+                    $query .= sprintf('forum_id IN (%s)', DbTools::prepareListString($categoryInfo));
+                else
+                    $query .= 'forum_id = ?';
+            }
+
+            if($hasGlobalAndCategory)
+                $query .= ' OR ';
+
+            if($hasGlobal) // not sure why you would ever set this to false, but consistency!
+                $query .= sprintf('topic_type %s %d', $global ? '=' : '<>', ForumTopicInfo::TYPE_GLOBAL);
+
+            if($hasGlobalAndCategory)
+                $query .= ')';
+        }
+        if($hasUserInfo)
+            $query .= sprintf(' %s user_id = ?', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE');
+        if($hasAfterTopicId)
+            $query .= sprintf(' %s topic_id > ?', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE');
+        if($hasSearchQuery)
+            $query .= sprintf(' %s MATCH(topic_title) AGAINST (? IN NATURAL LANGUAGE MODE)', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE');
+        if($hasDeleted)
+            $query .= sprintf(' %s topic_deleted %s NULL', ++$args > 1 ? 'AND' : 'WHERE', $deleted ? 'IS NOT' : 'IS');
+        if($doSearchOrder) {
+            $query .= ' ORDER BY topic_id ASC LIMIT 20';
+        } else {
+            $query .= ' ORDER BY topic_type DESC, topic_bumped DESC';
+            if($hasPagination)
+                $query .= ' LIMIT ? OFFSET ?';
+        }
+
+        $args = 0;
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get($query);
+        if($hasCategoryInfo) {
+            if(is_array($categoryInfo)) {
+                foreach($categoryInfo as $categoryInfoEntry)
+                    $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $categoryInfoEntry instanceof ForumCategoryInfo ? $categoryInfoEntry->getId() : (string)$categoryInfoEntry);
+            } else
+                $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $categoryInfo);
+        }
+        if($hasUserInfo)
+            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $userInfo);
+        if($hasAfterTopicId)
+            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $afterTopicId);
+        if($hasSearchQuery)
+            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $searchQuery);
+        if($hasPagination) {
+            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $pagination->getRange());
+            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $pagination->getOffset());
+        }
+        $stmt->execute();
+
+        $result = $stmt->getResult();
+        $topics = [];
+
+        while($result->next())
+            $topics[] = new ForumTopicInfo($result);
+
+        return $topics;
+    }
+
+    public function getTopic(
+        ?string $topicId = null,
+        ForumPostInfo|string|null $postInfo = null
+    ): ForumTopicInfo {
+        $hasTopicId = $topicId !== null;
+        $hasPostInfo = $postInfo !== null;
+
+        if(!$hasTopicId && !$hasPostInfo)
+            throw new InvalidArgumentException('At least one argument must be specified.');
+        if($hasTopicId && $hasPostInfo)
+            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Only one argument may be specified.');
+
+        $value = null;
+        $query = 'SELECT topic_id, forum_id, user_id, topic_type, topic_title, topic_count_views, UNIX_TIMESTAMP(topic_created), UNIX_TIMESTAMP(topic_bumped), UNIX_TIMESTAMP(topic_deleted), UNIX_TIMESTAMP(topic_locked), (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM msz_forum_posts WHERE topic_id = ft.topic_id AND post_deleted IS NULL) AS topic_count_posts, (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM msz_forum_posts WHERE topic_id = ft.topic_id AND post_deleted IS NOT NULL) AS topic_count_posts_deleted FROM msz_forum_topics AS ft';
+        if($hasTopicId) {
+            $query .= ' WHERE topic_id = ?';
+            $value = $topicId;
+        }
+        if($hasPostInfo) {
+            if($postInfo instanceof ForumPostInfo) {
+                $query .= ' WHERE topic_id = ?';
+                $value = $postInfo->getTopicId();
+            } else {
+                $query .= ' WHERE topic_id = (SELECT topic_id FROM msz_forum_posts WHERE post_id = ?)';
+                $value = $postInfo;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get($query);
+        $stmt->addParameter(1, $value);
+        $stmt->execute();
+
+        $result = $stmt->getResult();
+        if(!$result->next())
+            throw new RuntimeException('Forum topic not found.');
+
+        return new ForumTopicInfo($result);
+    }
+
+    public function createTopic(
+        ForumCategoryInfo|string $categoryInfo,
+        UserInfo|string|null $userInfo,
+        string $title,
+        string|int $type = ForumTopicInfo::TYPE_DISCUSSION
+    ): ForumTopicInfo {
+        if(is_string($type)) {
+            if(!array_key_exists($type, ForumTopicInfo::TYPE_ALIASES))
+                throw new InvalidArgumentException('$type is not a valid alias.');
+            $type = ForumTopicInfo::TYPE_ALIASES[$type];
+        }
+        if($categoryInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
+            $categoryInfo = $categoryInfo->getId();
+        if($userInfo instanceof UserInfo)
+            $userInfo = $userInfo->getId();
+
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get('INSERT INTO msz_forum_topics (forum_id, user_id, topic_type, topic_title) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)');
+        $stmt->addParameter(1, $categoryInfo);
+        $stmt->addParameter(2, $userInfo);
+        $stmt->addParameter(3, $type);
+        $stmt->addParameter(4, $title);
+        $stmt->execute();
+
+        return $this->getTopic(topicId: (string)$this->dbConn->getLastInsertId());
+    }
+
+    public function updateTopic(
+        ForumTopicInfo|string $topicInfo,
+        ?string $title = null,
+        string|int|null $type = null
+    ): void {
+        if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo)
+            $topicInfo = $topicInfo->getId();
+
+        $fields = [];
+        $values = [];
+
+        if($title !== null) {
+            $fields[] = 'topic_title = ?';
+            $values[] = $title;
+        }
+
+        if($type !== null) {
+            if(is_string($type)) {
+                if(!array_key_exists($type, ForumTopicInfo::TYPE_ALIASES))
+                    throw new InvalidArgumentException('$type is not a valid type alias.');
+
+                $type = ForumTopicInfo::TYPE_ALIASES[$type];
+            }
+
+            $fields[] = 'topic_type = ?';
+            $values[] = $type;
+        }
+
+        if(empty($fields))
+            return;
+
+        $args = 0;
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get(sprintf('UPDATE msz_forum_topics SET %s WHERE topic_id = ?', implode(', ', $fields)));
+        foreach($values as $value)
+            $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $value);
+        $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $topicInfo);
+        $stmt->execute();
+    }
+
+    public function incrementTopicViews(ForumTopicInfo|string $topicInfo): void {
+        if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo)
+            $topicInfo = $topicInfo->getId();
+
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get('UPDATE msz_forum_topics SET topic_count_views = topic_count_views + 1 WHERE topic_id = ?');
+        $stmt->addParameter(1, $topicInfo);
+        $stmt->execute();
+    }
+
+    public function bumpTopic(ForumTopicInfo|string $topicInfo): void {
+        if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo)
+            $topicInfo = $topicInfo->getId();
+
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get('UPDATE msz_forum_topics SET topic_bumped = NOW() WHERE topic_id = ?');
+        $stmt->addParameter(1, $topicInfo);
+        $stmt->execute();
+    }
+
+    public function lockTopic(ForumTopicInfo|string $topicInfo): void {
+        if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo)
+            $topicInfo = $topicInfo->getId();
+
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get('UPDATE msz_forum_topics SET topic_locked = NOW() WHERE topic_id = ?');
+        $stmt->addParameter(1, $topicInfo);
+        $stmt->execute();
+    }
+
+    public function unlockTopic(ForumTopicInfo|string $topicInfo): void {
+        if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo)
+            $topicInfo = $topicInfo->getId();
+
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get('UPDATE msz_forum_topics SET topic_locked = NULL WHERE topic_id = ?');
+        $stmt->addParameter(1, $topicInfo);
+        $stmt->execute();
+    }
+
+    public function deleteTopic(ForumTopicInfo|string $topicInfo): void {
+        if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo)
+            $topicInfo = $topicInfo->getId();
+
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get('UPDATE msz_forum_topics SET topic_deleted = COALESCE(topic_deleted, NOW()) WHERE topic_id = ? AND topic_deleted IS NULL');
+        $stmt->addParameter(1, $topicInfo);
+        $stmt->execute();
+
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get('UPDATE msz_forum_posts AS fp SET post_deleted = (SELECT topic_deleted FROM msz_forum_topics WHERE topic_id = fp.topic_id) WHERE topic_id = ? AND post_deleted = NULL');
+        $stmt->addParameter(1, $topicInfo);
+        $stmt->execute();
+    }
+
+    public function restoreTopic(ForumTopicInfo|string $topicInfo): void {
+        if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo)
+            $topicInfo = $topicInfo->getId();
+
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get('UPDATE msz_forum_posts AS fp SET post_deleted = NULL WHERE topic_id = ? AND post_deleted = (SELECT topic_deleted FROM msz_forum_topics WHERE topic_id = fp.topic_id)');
+        $stmt->addParameter(1, $topicInfo);
+        $stmt->execute();
+
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get('UPDATE msz_forum_topics SET topic_deleted = NULL WHERE topic_id = ?');
+        $stmt->addParameter(1, $topicInfo);
+        $stmt->execute();
+    }
+
+    public function nukeTopic(ForumTopicInfo|string $topicInfo): void {
+        if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo)
+            $topicInfo = $topicInfo->getId();
+
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get('DELETE FROM msz_forum_topics WHERE topic_id = ?');
+        $stmt->addParameter(1, $topicInfo);
+        $stmt->execute();
+    }
+
+    public function checkTopicParticipated(
+        ForumTopicInfo|string $topicInfo,
+        UserInfo|string|null $userInfo
+    ): bool {
+        if($userInfo === null)
+            return false;
+        if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo)
+            $topicInfo = $topicInfo->getId();
+        if($userInfo instanceof UserInfo)
+            $userInfo = $userInfo->getId();
+
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM msz_forum_posts WHERE topic_id = ? AND user_id = ?');
+        $stmt->addParameter(1, $topicInfo);
+        $stmt->addParameter(2, $userInfo);
+        $stmt->execute();
+        $result = $stmt->getResult();
+
+        return $result->next() && $result->getInteger(0) > 0;
+    }
+
+    public function checkTopicUnread(
+        ForumTopicInfo|string $topicInfo,
+        UserInfo|string|null $userInfo
+    ): bool {
+        if($userInfo === null)
+            return false;
+
+        $topicInfoIsInstance = $topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo;
+        if($topicInfoIsInstance && !$topicInfo->isActive())
+            return false;
+
+        $query = 'SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP(track_last_read) FROM msz_forum_topics_track AS ftt WHERE user_id = ? AND topic_id = ?';
+        if(!$topicInfoIsInstance)
+            $query .= ' AND track_last_read = (SELECT topic_bumped FROM msz_forum_topics WHERE topic_id = ftt.topic_id AND topic_bumped >= NOW() - INTERVAL 1 MONTH)';
+
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get($query);
+        $stmt->addParameter(1, $userInfo instanceof UserInfo ? $userInfo->getId() : $userInfo);
+        $stmt->addParameter(2, $topicInfoIsInstance ? $topicInfo->getId() : $topicInfo);
+        $stmt->execute();
+        $result = $stmt->getResult();
+
+        // user has never read this topic, return unread
+        if(!$result->next())
+            return true;
+
+        return $result->getInteger(0) < $topicInfo->getBumpedTime();
+    }
+
+    public function getMostActiveTopicInfo(
+        UserInfo|string $userInfo,
+        array $exceptCategoryInfos = [],
+        array $exceptTopicInfos = [],
+        ?bool $deleted = null
+    ): object {
+        if($userInfo instanceof UserInfo)
+            $userInfo = $userInfo->getId();
+
+        $hasExceptCategoryInfos = !empty($exceptCategoryInfos);
+        $hasExceptTopicInfos = !empty($exceptTopicInfos);
+        $hasDeleted = $deleted !== null;
+
+        $query = 'SELECT topic_id, forum_id, COUNT(*) AS post_count FROM msz_forum_posts WHERE user_id = ?';
+        if($hasDeleted)
+            $query .= sprintf(' AND post_deleted %s NULL', $deleted ? 'IS NOT' : 'IS');
+        if($hasExceptCategoryInfos)
+            $query .= sprintf(' AND forum_id NOT IN (%s)', DbTools::prepareListString($exceptCategoryInfos));
+        if($hasExceptTopicInfos)
+            $query .= sprintf(' AND topic_id NOT IN (%s)', DbTools::prepareListString($exceptTopicInfos));
+        $query .= ' GROUP BY topic_id ORDER BY post_count DESC LIMIT 1';
+
+        $args = 0;
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get($query);
+        $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $userInfo);
+        foreach($exceptCategoryInfos as $categoryInfo) {
+            if($categoryInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
+                $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $categoryInfo->getId());
+            elseif(is_string($categoryInfo) || is_int($categoryInfo))
+                $stmt->addParameter(++$args, (string)$categoryInfo);
+            else
+                throw new InvalidArgumentException('$exceptCategoryInfos may only contain string ids or instances of ForumCategoryInfo.');
+        }
+        foreach($exceptTopicInfos as $topicInfo) {
+            if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo)
+                $stmt->addParameter(++$args, $topicInfo->getId());
+            elseif(is_string($topicInfo) || is_int($topicInfo))
+                $stmt->addParameter(++$args, (string)$topicInfo);
+            else
+                throw new InvalidArgumentException('$exceptTopicInfos may only contain string ids or instances of ForumTopicInfo.');
+        }
+        $stmt->execute();
+
+        $result = $stmt->getResult();
+        $info = new stdClass;
+        $info->success = $result->next();
+        if($info->success) {
+            $info->topicId = $result->getString(0);
+            $info->categoryId = $result->getString(1);
+            $info->postCount = $result->getInteger(2);
+        }
+
+        return $info;
+    }
+
+    public function checkUserHasReadTopic(
+        UserInfo|string|null $userInfo,
+        ForumTopicInfo|string $topicInfo
+    ): bool {
+        // this method is primarily used to check if we should increment the view count
+        // guests shouldn't increment it so we just
+        if($userInfo === null)
+            return true;
+
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM msz_forum_topics_track WHERE topic_id = ? AND user_id = ?');
+        $stmt->addParameter(1, $topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo ? $topicInfo->getId() : $topicInfo);
+        $stmt->addParameter(2, $userInfo instanceof UserInfo ? $userInfo->getId() : $userInfo);
+        $stmt->execute();
+        $result = $stmt->getResult();
+
+        return $result->next() && $result->getInteger(0) > 0;
+    }
+
+    public function updateUserReadTopic(
+        UserInfo|string|null $userInfo,
+        ForumTopicInfo|string $topicInfo,
+        ForumCategoryInfo|string|null $categoryInfo = null
+    ): void {
+        if($userInfo === null)
+            return;
+
+        if($userInfo instanceof UserInfo)
+            $userInfo = $userInfo->getId();
+
+        if($topicInfo instanceof ForumTopicInfo) {
+            $categoryInfo = $topicInfo->getCategoryId();
+            $topicInfo = $topicInfo->getId();
+        } else {
+            if($categoryInfo === null)
+                throw new InvalidArgumentException('$categoryInfo must be specified if $topicInfo is not an instance of ForumTopicInfo.');
+            if($categoryInfo instanceof ForumCategoryInfo)
+                $categoryInfo = $categoryInfo->getId();
+        }
+
+        $stmt = $this->cache->get('REPLACE INTO msz_forum_topics_track (user_id, topic_id, forum_id, track_last_read) VALUES (?, ?, ?, NOW())');
+        $stmt->addParameter(1, $userInfo);
+        $stmt->addParameter(2, $topicInfo);
+        $stmt->addParameter(3, $categoryInfo);
+        $stmt->execute();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/MisuzuContext.php b/src/MisuzuContext.php
index 65ea9cb..3840a8a 100644
--- a/src/MisuzuContext.php
+++ b/src/MisuzuContext.php
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use Misuzu\Comments\Comments;
 use Misuzu\Config\IConfig;
 use Misuzu\Counters\Counters;
 use Misuzu\Emoticons\Emotes;
-use Misuzu\Forum\Forum;
+use Misuzu\Forum\ForumContext;
 use Misuzu\Home\HomeRoutes;
 use Misuzu\Info\InfoRoutes;
 use Misuzu\News\News;
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ use Misuzu\Profile\ProfileFields;
 use Misuzu\Satori\SatoriRoutes;
 use Misuzu\SharpChat\SharpChatRoutes;
 use Misuzu\Users\UsersContext;
-use Misuzu\Users\BanInfo;
 use Misuzu\Users\UserInfo;
 use Misuzu\Users\Assets\AssetsRoutes;
 
@@ -58,9 +57,9 @@ class MisuzuContext {
 
     private AuthContext $authCtx;
     private UsersContext $usersCtx;
+    private ForumContext $forumCtx;
 
     private ProfileFields $profileFields;
-    private Forum $forum;
 
     private Permissions $perms;
     private AuthInfo $authInfo;
@@ -74,13 +73,13 @@ class MisuzuContext {
 
         $this->authCtx = new AuthContext($dbConn, $config->scopeTo('auth'));
         $this->usersCtx = new UsersContext($dbConn);
+        $this->forumCtx = new ForumContext($dbConn);
 
         $this->auditLog = new AuditLog($dbConn);
         $this->changelog = new Changelog($dbConn);
         $this->comments = new Comments($dbConn);
         $this->counters = new Counters($dbConn);
         $this->emotes = new Emotes($dbConn);
-        $this->forum = new Forum($dbConn);
         $this->news = new News($dbConn);
         $this->profileFields = new ProfileFields($dbConn);
     }
@@ -138,10 +137,6 @@ class MisuzuContext {
         return $this->profileFields;
     }
 
-    public function getForum(): Forum {
-        return $this->forum;
-    }
-
     public function getPerms(): Permissions {
         return $this->perms;
     }
@@ -154,6 +149,10 @@ class MisuzuContext {
         return $this->usersCtx;
     }
 
+    public function getForumContext(): ForumContext {
+        return $this->forumCtx;
+    }
+
     public function getAuthInfo(): AuthInfo {
         return $this->authInfo;
     }
@@ -294,8 +293,8 @@ class MisuzuContext {
         $this->router->register(new SatoriRoutes(
             $this->config->scopeTo('satori'),
             $this->usersCtx,
-            $this->profileFields,
-            $this->forum
+            $this->forumCtx,
+            $this->profileFields
         ));
 
         // below is still only otherwise available as stinky php files
diff --git a/src/Perms/Permissions.php b/src/Perms/Permissions.php
index 3981b2c..8d6a16c 100644
--- a/src/Perms/Permissions.php
+++ b/src/Perms/Permissions.php
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use Index\Data\DbStatementCache;
 use Index\Data\DbTools;
 use Index\Data\IDbConnection;
 use Index\Data\IDbStatement;
-use Misuzu\Forum\Forum;
+use Misuzu\Forum\ForumCategories;
 use Misuzu\Forum\ForumCategoryInfo;
 use Misuzu\Users\RoleInfo;
 use Misuzu\Users\UserInfo;
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ class Permissions {
     }
 
     // precalculates all permissions for fast lookups
-    public function precalculatePermissions(Forum $forum, array $userIds = []): void {
+    public function precalculatePermissions(ForumCategories $forumCategories, array $userIds = []): void {
         $suppliedUsers = !empty($userIds);
         $doGuest = !$suppliedUsers;
 
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ class Permissions {
         }
 
         self::precalculatePermissionsLog('Loading list of forum categories...');
-        $forumCats = $forum->getCategories(asTree: true);
+        $forumCats = $forumCategories->getCategories(asTree: true);
         foreach($forumCats as $forumCat)
             $this->precalculatePermissionsForForumCategory($insert, $userIds, $forumCat, $doGuest);
 
diff --git a/src/Satori/SatoriRoutes.php b/src/Satori/SatoriRoutes.php
index ecb8d31..c82942a 100644
--- a/src/Satori/SatoriRoutes.php
+++ b/src/Satori/SatoriRoutes.php
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use Index\Routing\Route;
 use Misuzu\Pagination;
 use Misuzu\Tools;
 use Misuzu\Config\IConfig;
-use Misuzu\Forum\Forum;
+use Misuzu\Forum\ForumContext;
 use Misuzu\Profile\ProfileFields;
 use Misuzu\Users\UsersContext;
 
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ final class SatoriRoutes implements IRouteHandler {
     public function __construct(
         private IConfig $config,
         private UsersContext $usersCtx,
-        private ProfileFields $profileFields,
-        private Forum $forum
+        private ForumContext $forumCtx,
+        private ProfileFields $profileFields
     ) {}
 
     public function registerRoutes(IRouter $router): void {
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ final class SatoriRoutes implements IRouteHandler {
         $startId = (string)$request->getParam('start', FILTER_SANITIZE_NUMBER_INT);
 
         $posts = [];
-        $postInfos = $this->forum->getPosts(
+        $postInfos = $this->forumCtx->getPosts()->getPosts(
             categoryInfo: $categoryIds,
             afterPostInfo: $startId,
             newerThanDays: $backlogDays,
@@ -82,9 +82,9 @@ final class SatoriRoutes implements IRouteHandler {
         );
 
         foreach($postInfos as $postInfo) {
-            $topicInfo = $this->forum->getTopic(postInfo: $postInfo);
-            $firstPostInfo = $this->forum->getPost(topicInfo: $topicInfo);
-            $categoryInfo = $this->forum->getCategory(topicInfo: $topicInfo);
+            $topicInfo = $this->forumCtx->getTopics()->getTopic(postInfo: $postInfo);
+            $firstPostInfo = $this->forumCtx->getPosts()->getPost(topicInfo: $topicInfo);
+            $categoryInfo = $this->forumCtx->getCategories()->getCategory(topicInfo: $topicInfo);
             $userInfo = $postInfo->hasUserId() ? $this->usersCtx->getUserInfo($postInfo->getUserId()) : null;
             $userColour = $this->usersCtx->getUserColour($userInfo);
 
diff --git a/tools/cron b/tools/cron
index 1a83020..a712c1c 100755
--- a/tools/cron
+++ b/tools/cron
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ msz_sched_task_sql('Synchronise forum_id.', true,
     'UPDATE msz_forum_posts AS p INNER JOIN msz_forum_topics AS t ON t.topic_id = p.topic_id SET p.forum_id = t.forum_id');
 
 msz_sched_task_func('Recount forum topics and posts.', true, function() use ($msz) {
-    $msz->getForum()->syncForumCounters();
+    $msz->getForumContext()->getCategories()->syncForumCounters();
 });
 
 msz_sched_task_sql('Clean up expired 2fa tokens.', false,
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ msz_sched_task_func('Recalculate permissions (maybe)...', false, function() use
         return;
 
     $msz->getConfig()->removeValues('perms.needsRecalc');
-    $msz->getPerms()->precalculatePermissions($msz->getForum());
+    $msz->getPerms()->precalculatePermissions($msz->getForumContext()->getCategories());
 });
 
 echo 'Running ' . count($schedTasks) . ' tasks...' . PHP_EOL;
diff --git a/tools/recalc-perms b/tools/recalc-perms
index ce94adf..390e38e 100755
--- a/tools/recalc-perms
+++ b/tools/recalc-perms
@@ -5,4 +5,4 @@ namespace Misuzu;
 require_once __DIR__ . '/../misuzu.php';
 
 $msz->getConfig()->removeValues('perms.needsRecalc');
-$msz->getPerms()->precalculatePermissions($msz->getForum());
+$msz->getPerms()->precalculatePermissions($msz->getForumContext()->getCategories());